南海北部琼东南盆地深水中央峡谷大气田分布与成藏规律

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 南海北部西区琼东南盆地是中国重要的深水油气勘探区之一，具有不同于世界经典深水盆地的构造沉积特征与石油地质条件，早期合作勘探研究进展缓慢。经过持续科技攻关，中国海油自主创新，在“十二五”期间攻克了制约勘探的成盆、成烃、成藏等关键问题，获得了勘探重大突破，发现了由多个大中型气田组成的中央峡谷大气田。天然气主要富集在峡谷下部黄流组浊积水道砂，上部莺歌海组海底扇次之。研究认为，大气田具有以下成藏特征：崖城组海陆过渡相与海相烃源岩为主力气源岩，浊积水道砂与海底扇大型储集体埋藏浅、储层物性优良，多期浊积砂组成大型岩性圈闭群，微断层与裂隙垂向沟通深部烃源岩与浅部圈闭，晚期厚层半深海泥岩盖层保存条件好。天然气藏具有“多藏独立、纵向叠置”的特点，构造—岩性复合圈闭控藏。中央峡谷仍有多个有利目标，勘探潜力大。

关键词: 南海北部, 琼东南盆地, 深水, 中央峡谷, 大气田, 成藏规律, 成藏组合

Abstract: The Qiongdongnan Basin, situated in the west part of northern South China Sea, is one of the important deepwater exploration prospects in China. This basin has tectonic-sedimentary characteristics and petroleum geology conditions different from other typical deepwater basins around the world. Initially, the cooperative exploration in this basin was carried out in a slow progress. Through continuous efforts and independent innovations, CNOOC Limited (“CNOOC”) has made great breakthroughs during the 12th Five-Year Plan by addressing the bottlenecks in relation to basin formation, hydrocarbon generation and accumulation, etc. During this period, CNOOC discovered the giant Central Canyon gas field consisting of several large-medium gas fields. Natural gas is mainly enriched in turbidite channel sandstones of the Huangliu Formation in the lower section of the canyon, and also in submarine fans of the Yinggehai Formation in the upper section. According to this study, hydrocarbon accumulation of this giant gas field attributes to following conditions: (1) the marine-terrestrial and marine source rocks of the Yacheng Formation serve as the major gas source rocks; (2) the turbidite channel sand and large-scale submarine fan reservoirs are shallowly buried, with favorable physical properties; (3) turbidite sandstones developed in multi stages constitute a large group of lithologic traps; (4) microfaults and fissures vertically connect deep source rocks and shallow traps; and (5) thick bathyal mudstone cap rock developed in late stage has good preservation conditions. In general, the natural gas reservoirs are characterized by “multiple reservoirs independently existing and vertically overlapped”, and controlled by structural-lithologic traps. There are still more prospects in the Central Canyon, suggesting huge exploration potential.

Key words: northern South China Sea, Qiongdongnan Basin, deepwater, Central Canyon, giant gas field, hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism, play

王振峰, 孙志鹏, 张迎朝, 郭明刚, 朱继田, 黄保家, 张道军, 江汝锋, 满晓, 张海洋. 南海北部琼东南盆地深水中央峡谷大气田分布与成藏规律[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(4): 54-64.

Wang Zhenfeng, Sun Zhipeng, Zhang Yingzhao, Guo Minggang, Zhu Jitian, Huang Baojia, Zhang Daojun, Jiang Rufeng, Man Xiao, Zhang Haiyang. Distribution and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of the giant deepwater Central Canyon gas field in Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(4): 54-64.

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