单点地震采集优势与应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地震检波器是获取大地振动信号的传感器, 也是油气地震勘探关键设备之一, 直接关系到地震资料品质的优劣。因受装备制造技术和地表条件的限制, 自模拟地震到数字地震以来, 地球物理工作者为了追求高信噪比的地震资料, 一直采取多检波器组合的理念和方法获取可连续追踪的地震同相轴, 以解决构造勘探问题。然而，随着油气勘探目标由构造圈闭向地层—岩性圈闭、碳酸盐岩、致密油气等隐蔽性目标转移，对地震资料保真度和分辨率提出更高要求。如何确保所采集的地震信号具有高保真性和较高分辨率及信噪比，地震检波器的选择是不可回避的话题。单点检波器地震采集技术因其有利于提高保真度、分辨率和成像精度而备受关注，但单点接收的单炮资料信噪比低、能量较弱，该项技术并未被大面积应用。中国石油天然气股份有限公司（简称中国石油）自2010 年开始，在平原、沙漠、山地、黄土山地等不同地表开展了先导性试验，采用高灵敏度宽频单点检波器和提高检波器耦合质量等措施，单炮能量已基本上达到了堆放的组合检波器水平，记录的数据信息更加丰富，在静校正、提高分辨率和成像精度等地震处理过程中显现出明显的优势，已成为高精度勘探和降低野外劳动强度的关键技术。推广应用单点高密度地震技术的条件已经成熟，该技术具有广泛的适应性，应优选检波器和加强野外质量管理，全面推广应用单点检波器地震技术应用，迎接全波地震勘探时代的到来。

关键词: 单点, 采集, 高密度, 宽频, 中国石油, 应用

Abstract: Seismic geophones are sensors collecting earth vibration signals. It is one of the key instruments for oil and gas seismic
exploration, which directly relates to the quality of seismic data. Due to the limitations of equipment manufacturing technology
and surface conditions, geophysists have been using multi-geophone arrays both in analog and digital seismic acquisition to
achieve high signal-to-noise ratio and continuous seismic events in structural exploration. However, as the oil and gas exploration
targets are shifted from structural to subtle targets such as stratigraphic-lithologic traps, carbonate rocks and tight oil and gas reservoirs,the fidelity and resolution of seismic data have become the research hotspots, in which selecting the appropriate geophone is an important link. Single point seismic acquisition technology has attracted much attention owing to its advantages in fidelity improvement, high resolution and imaging accuracy. However, this technology has not been widely applied due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and weak energy of raw data. Since 2010, PetroChina has carried out a series of pilot tests in plain, valley, desert,mountains and loess tableland using high sensitivity broadband single point geophone and improved coupling quality of geophones.In doing so, energy of single shot reaches the same level as that of traditional geophone array receiving, and the single
point receiving data record much more information, which shows obvious advantages in data processing, such as static correction,
resolution and imaging precision improvement. In addition, it evidently reduces labor intensity in the field. As a result, the single-
point geophone acquisition technology should be vigorously generalized as a key technology of high-resolution exploration.

中图分类号:

P631.431

赵邦六, 董世泰, 曾忠, 梁奇. 单点地震采集优势与应用[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(2): 55-68.

Zhao Bangliu, Dong Shitai, Zeng Zhong, Liang Qi. Advantages and application of single point receiving in seismic acquisition[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(2): 55-68.

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