我国油气资源管理改革与中国石油创新实践

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，国家放宽油气勘查开采限制，实行更加严格的区块退出机制，推行竞争性出让，培育多元市场主体，国有油企面临更大的外部竞争压力和内部改革压力。深入了解油气资源改革动向，深刻剖析存在问题与挑战，对于国有油企改革管理，发挥自身优势，实现高质量发展意义重大。在系统梳理新中国成立以来我国油气资源管理历程、明确改革方向的基础上，详细论述了中国石油主动适应改革，创新管理实践，探索形成的矿储与部署联动、矿储内部动态配置、新区评价与竞争获取、有效增储、储量价值评估和对外合作等六大机制，并基于国有油企实践，研究提出矿权退减需突出鼓励勘探发现原则、完善出让区块选区划设机制、完善储量动态管理与探采合一管理、构建油气资源储量市场服务体系、给予国有油企制度性安排等5 点建议，以更好地助力国内油气业务发展，保障国家能源安全。

关键词: 矿权, 储量, 资源管理, 中国石油, 国有油企, 管理机制

Abstract: In recent years, Chinese government has relaxed restrictions on oil and gas exploration and production, and implemented
more stringent relinquishment strategy for exploration blocks. Competitive transfers have been promoted, and diversified
market participants cultivated. State-owned oil companies have faced greater pressure from external competition and internal reforms.Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the reform trend, and a profound dissection of current problems and challenges are of great significance for the state-owned oil companies on their reform and management, giving full play to their own advantages and achieving high-quality development. Based on systematic summary of the history of oil and gas resource management in China since its establishment, and clarification of reform direction, this paper discusses in detail that PetroChina actively adapts to the reform, innovates management practice, and develops six mechanisms including linkage between reserves and deployment, internally dynamic allocation of mining rights and reserves, evaluation of new areas and competitive acquisition of new blocks, benefit reserve growth, reserve value evaluation, and foreign cooperation. Based on the practice of state-owned oil
companies, this paper also proposes five suggestions for areas reduction of mining rights, i.e., highlight on the principle of encouraging exploration and discovery, optimization of the location and limit of the transfer block, improvement of the dynamic
management of reserves and integrated management of exploration and development, establishment of market service system for
oil and gas reserves, and institutional arrangements for state-owned oil companies, in order to better support the development of
domestic oil and gas business and ensure the national energy security.

中图分类号:

TE121

李国欣, 何海清, 梁坤, 曾少华, 田军, 张国生, 段晓文, 刘军平, 吴培红, 徐小林. 我国油气资源管理改革与中国石油创新实践[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(2): 45-54.

Li Guoxin, He Haiqing, Liang Kun, Zeng Shaohua, Tian Jun, Zhang Guosheng, Duan Xiaowen, Liu Junping, Wu Peihong, Xu Xiaolin. China’s oil and gas resource management reform and innovative practice of PetroChina#br#[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(2): 45-54.

参考文献

[1] 黄晓芳．保障能源安全重大改革举措油气勘查开采将全面放开[J]. 能源研究与利用，2020(2):9,14. Huang Xiaofang. Major reform measures to ensure energy security oil and gas exploration and exploitation will be fully liberalized[J]. Energy Research & Utilization, 2020(2):9,14.
[2] 潘继平，张应红．我国油气资源管理改革探讨[J]. 国际石油经济 2007,15(2):17-21. Pan Jiping, Zhang Yinghong. Oil & gas resource management reform in China[J]. International Petroleum Economics, 2007, 15(2):17-21.
[3] 孙晓伟．我国矿产资源产权制度演进与改革路径分析[J]. 煤炭经济研究，2014,34(6):31-37. Sun Xiaowei. Analysis on evolution and reform path of mineral resources property rights system in China[J]. Coal Economic Research, 2014,34(6):31-37.
[4] 韩亚琴．我国油气资源勘查开采管理改革的几点思考[J]. 中国国土资源经济，2020,33(10):49-53. Han Yaqin. Thoughts on China’s oil and gas resources exploration and management reform[J]. Natural Resource Economics of China, 2020,33(10):49-53.
[5] 季晓南．国有企业改革再出发需要再思考和再认识[J]. 国企管理， 2019(1):50-53. Ji Xiaonan. Re-thinking and re-understanding on the reform of state-owned enterprises[J]. China State-Owned Enterprise Management, 2019(1):50-53.
[6] 张玉清．中国油气体制改革方向和要解决的问题[J]. 中国石油和化工， 2017(12):21-23. Zhang Yuqing. Direction of China’s oil and gas system reform and problems to be solved[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Industry, 2017(12):21-23.
[7] 曾凌云．新形势下深化矿产资源管理改革的思考和建议[J]. 中国国土资源经济，2020,33(7):24-28. Zeng Lingyun. Thoughts and suggestions on deepening reform of mineral resources management in the new situation[J]. Natural Resource Economics of China, 2020,33(7):24-28.
[8] 冀辉涛．国企三项制度改革的历程、现状和关键点[J]. 建筑，2020 (23):26-29. Ji Huitao. The course, present situation and key points of the reform of the three systems of state-owned enterprises[J]. Construction and Architecture, 2020(23):26-29.
[9] 张银平．油气体制改革方案出台形成多元市场竞争格局[J]. 中外企业文化，2017(7):21-23. Zhang Yinping. Multi-market competition pattern formed by the introduction of oil and gas system reform plan[J]. Chinese ＆ Foreign Corporate Culture, 2017(7):21-23.
[10] 季晓南．国企改革三年行动方案要聚焦和突破难点[J]. 国企管理， 2020(1):51-55. Ji Xiaonan. Focus and breakthrough difficulties on three-year action plan for the reform of state-owned enterprises[J]. China State-Owned Enterprise Management, 2020(1):51-55.
[11] 刘娅昭，张海君，刘超英．放开油气勘查开采准入限制对国有大型石油公司勘探开发活动的影响[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(1):99-107. Liu Yazhao, Zhang Haijun, Liu Chaoying. Impact of oil and gas exploration and exploitation access release on exploration activities of giant state-owned petroleum enterprises in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(1):99-107.
[12] 王宜林，赵文智，杜金虎，等．中国石油风险勘探工程决策管理与实施成效[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(1):1-16. Wang Yilin, Zhao Wenzhi, Du Jinhu, et al . Decision management and implementation effect of venture exploration projects of CNPC[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(1):1-16.
[13] 张抗，苗淼．强化矿权区块管理促进油气行业改革[J]. 中外能源, 2020,25(10):1-8. Zhang Kang, Miao Miao. Strengthening management of mineral rights blocks to promote reform in oil and gas industry[J]. Sino-Global Energy, 2020,25(10):1-8.
[14] 张锐锋，何海清，陈树光，等．河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质新认识与重大发现[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(6):1-12. Zhang Ruifeng, He Haiqing, Chen Shuguang, et al . New understandings of petroleum geology and great discovery in the Linhe Depression, Hetao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(6):1-12.
[15] 李国欣，朱如凯．中国石油非常规油气发展现状、挑战与关注问题[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(2):1-13. Li Guoxin, Zhu Rukai. Progress, challenges and key issues of unconventional oil and gas development of CNPC[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(2):1-13.
[16] 张玉清．推进“十四五”期间我国油气体制改革[N]. 人民政协报， 2020-11-10(6). Zhang Yuqing. Promoting China’s oil and gas system reform during the 14th Five-Year Plan period[N]. Renmin Zhengxie Bao, 2020-11-10(6).
[17] 王越．我国油气资源勘查开发管理改革要点分析[J]. 中国矿业，2015, 24( 增刊1):81-84，101. Wang Yue. The analysis of management reform points in exploration and development of China’s oil & gas resources[J]. China Mining Magazine,2015,24(Sl):81-84,101.