中上扬子区下寒武统麦地坪组—筇竹寺组烃源岩与含油气系统评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 下寒武统麦地坪组—筇竹寺组是扬子地区重要的烃源岩发育层位, 对震旦系—古生界油气勘探具有重要意义。为明确四川盆地稀井区震旦系—寒武系勘探领域烃源条件，基于探井与露头样品系统分析、测井评价与地震反演，分层次、分层段刻画了麦地坪组—筇竹寺组烃源岩展布，厘定了以其为烃源灶的含油气系统边界，指出了有利勘探区带。（1）中上扬子区麦地坪组烃源岩总厚度主要为5～200m，优质烃源岩厚0～100m，局限分布于克拉通内部和边缘裂陷区。（2）筇竹寺组烃源岩总厚度主要为50～450m，优质烃源岩厚5～250m；筇竹寺组烃源岩具有“三段式”发育特征，优质烃源岩主要发育在筇一段和筇二段下部，筇三段主要为低有机质丰度的差烃源岩。其中，筇一段烃源岩厚10～300m，平面分布特点与麦地坪组烃源岩相似，为早寒武世海侵初期产物；筇二段烃源岩厚度为30～200m，在中上扬子克拉通广泛分布，为最大海侵期产物；筇三段差烃源岩厚数米至数十米，分布范围与筇二段相当。（3）中上扬子区麦地坪组—筇竹寺组烃源岩厚度分布受克拉通内部与边缘裂陷展布、同沉积断裂发育、震旦纪末期古地貌和后期剥蚀作用等多种因素控制。（4）下寒武统烃源岩生烃潜力巨大，生烃强度为（20～140）×10⁸m³/km²，存在两个规模生烃中心，以其为烃源灶的含油气系统可划分为德阳—安岳克拉通内裂陷震旦系—二叠系复式含油气系统和城口—巴东—五峰克拉通内裂陷震旦系—奥陶系复式含油气系统，在两大复式油气系统内优选了7 个有利勘探区带。

关键词: 下寒武统, 优质烃源岩, 测井评价, 地震反演, 含油气系统, 四川盆地

Abstract:

A set of important source rock is developed in the Lower Cambrian Maidiping Formation (∈₁m)-Qiongzhusi Formation (∈₁q) in the Yangtze region, which is of great significance for the petroleum exploration of the Sinian-Paleozoic. In order to clarify source rock conditions in the exploration field of the Sinian-Cambrian with sparse wells in Sichuan Basin, the systematic analysis of wells and outcrop samples, logging evaluation and seismic inversion are conducted to characterize the distribution of ∈₁m- ∈₁q source rocks by sequences and sections, define the boundary of petroleum system with the source kitchen of this set of source rocks, and propose the favorable exploration zones. The study results show that: (1) The total thickness of ∈₁m source rocks mainly ranges in 5-200 m, and that of the high-quality source rocks is 0-100 m in the Middle-Upper Yangtze region, with the development area limited to the intracratonic and marginal rifts. (2) The total thickness of ∈₁q source rocks is between 50-450 m, and that of the high-quality source rocks is in the range of 5-250 m. The ∈₁q source rocks have the characteristics of “three sections”, that is, the high-quality source rocks are generally developed in the first member and lower part of the second member, while the poor-quality source rocks with low organic carbon content are developed in the third member. Among them, source rock in the first member of ∈₁q has a thickness of 10-300 m, with the similar distribution characteristics to that of ∈₁m, which is the product of the early transgression in the Early Cambrian. The source rock in the second member of ∈₁q has a thickness of 30-200 m and a wide distribution area in the Middle-Upper Yangtze region, which is the product in the maximum transgression period. The thickness of the poorquality source rock in the third member of ∈₁q ranges from several meters to tens of meters, and the distribution area is similar to that of the second member. (3) The thickness of source rocks of ∈₁m- ∈₁q is controlled by multiple factors, such as the distribution of intracratonic and marginal rifts, development of synsedimentary faults, paleogeomorphology at the end of the Sinian, as well as the later corrosion. (4) The Lower Cambrian source rocks show great hydrocarbon generation potential with hydrocarbon generation intensity of (20-140)×10⁸m³/km².There are two large-scale hydrocarbon generation centers, leading to two petroleum systems with hydrocarbon kitchen of this set of source rocks, i.e., the Sinian-Permian composite petroleum system in Deyang-Anyue intracratonic rift and the Sinian-Ordovician composite petroleum system in Chengkou-Badong-Wufeng intracratonic rift. Finally, seven favorable exploration zones are proposed in the two composite petroleum systems.

中图分类号:

TE122.1

付小东, 陈娅娜, 罗冰, 李文正, 刘冉, 王小芳, 和源, 谷明峰, 姜华. 中上扬子区下寒武统麦地坪组—筇竹寺组烃源岩与含油气系统评价[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2022, 27(4): 103-120.

Fu Xiaodong, Chen Ya’na, Luo Bing, Li Wenzheng, Liu Ran, Wang Xiaofang, He Yuan, Gu Mingfeng, Jiang Hua. Evaluation of source rocks and petroleum system of the Lower Cambrian Maidiping Formation-Qiongzhusi Formation in the Middle-Upper Yangtze region[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022, 27(4): 103-120.

参考文献

[1] 梁狄刚，郭彤楼，陈建平. 中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干新进展（一）：南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的分布[J]. 海相油气地质，2008,13(2):1-16.
Liang Digang, Guo Tonglou, Chen Jianping. Some Progresses on studies of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in marine sedimentary regions, southern China (Part 1):distribution of four suits of regional marine source rocks[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2008,13(2):1-16.
[2] 梁狄刚，郭彤楼，陈建平. 中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干新进展（二）：南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的地球化学特征[J]. 海相油气地质，2009,14(1):1-15.
Liang Digang, Guo Tonglou, Chen Jianping. Some Progresses on studies of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in marine sedimentary regions, southern China (Part 2):geochemical characteristics of four suits of regional marine source rocks, south China[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(1): 1-15.
[3] 腾格尔，高长林，胡凯. 上扬子北缘下组合优质烃源岩分布及生烃潜力评价[J]. 天然气地球科学，2007,18(2):254-259.
Tenger, Gao Changlin, Hu Kai. High quality source rocks of lower combiantion in the northern upper-Yangtze area and their hydrocarbon potential[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(2):254-259.
[4] 腾格尔，高长林，胡凯. 上扬子东南缘下组合优质烃源岩发育及生烃潜力[J]. 石油实验地质，2006,28(4):359-365.
Tenger, Gao Changlin, Hu Kai. High-quality source rocks in the lower combination in southeast upper-Yangtze area and their hydrocarbon generating potential[J]. Pertoleum Geology & Experiment, 2006,28(4):359-365.
[5] 付小东，秦建中，腾格尔. 四川盆地东南部海相层系优质烃源层评价：以丁山1 井为例[J]. 石油实验地质，2008,30(6):621-628.
Fu Xiaodong, Qin Jianzhong, Tenger. Evaluation on excellent marine hydrocarbon source layers in southeast area of the Sichuan Basin-an example from well D-1[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2008,30(6):621-628.
[6] 汪凯明. 下扬子皖南地区下寒武统页岩气地质特征及成藏控制因素[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(5):83-97.
Wang Kaiming. Geological characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas accumulation of the Lower Cambrian in the southern Anhui of Lower Yangtze area[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(5):83-97.
[7] 胡忠贵，秦鹏，胡明毅，等. 湘鄂西地区下寒武统水井沱组页岩储层分布及非均质性特征[J]. 中国石油勘探，2018,23(4):39-40.
Hu Zhonggui, Qin Peng, Hu Mingyi, et al . The distribution and heterogeneity characteristics of shale reservoirs in Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation in western Hunan -Hubei region[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2018,23(4):39-40.
[8] 夏国栋，冉波，刘树根，等. 绵阳—长宁拉张槽北段麦地坪组烃源岩特征以绵竹清平剖面为例[J]. 成都理工大学学报（自然科学版），2018,45(1):14-25.
Xia Guodong, Ran Bo, Liu Shugen, et al . Characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Maidiping Formation in northern Mianyang-Changning intracratonic sag,Sichuan,China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition), 2018,45(1):14-25.
[9] 王同. 川南地区下寒武统麦地坪组—筇竹寺组储层特征及形成机理研究[D]. 成都：成都理工大学，2016.
Wang Tong. Reservoir characteristics and formation mechanism of the Lower Cambrian Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formation in southern Sichuan[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2016.
[10] 杜金虎，汪泽成，邹才能，等. 上扬子克拉通内裂陷的发现及对安岳特大型气田形成的控制作用[J]. 石油学报，2016,37(1):1-16.
Du Jinhu, Wang Zecheng, Zou Caineng, et al . Discover of intra-cratonic rift in the Upper Yangtze and its control effect on the formation of Anyue giant gas field[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016,37(1):1-16.
[11] 邹才能，杜金虎，徐春春，等．四川盆地震旦系—寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J]．石油勘探与开发，2014,41(3):278-293．
Zou Caineng, Du Jinhu, Xu Chunchun, et al . Formation,distribution, resource potential and discovery of the Sinian-Cambrian giant gas field, Sichuan Basin, SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014,41(3):278-293.
[12] 杜金虎，邹才能，徐春春，等. 川中古隆起龙王庙组特大型气田战略发现与理论技术创新[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2014,41(3):268-277.
Du Jinhu, Zou Caineng, Xu Chunchun, et al . Theoretical and technical innovations in strategic discovery of a giant gas field in Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of central Sichuan paleo-uplift, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014,41(3):268-277.
[13] 徐春春，沈平，杨跃明，等. 乐山—龙女寺古隆起震旦系—下寒武统龙王庙组天然气成藏条件与富集规律[J]．天然气工业，2014,34(3):1-7．
Xu Chunchun, Shen Ping, Yang Yueming, et al . Accumulation conditions and enrichment patterns of natural gas in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm reservoirs of the Leshan-Longnvsi Paleohigh,Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):1-7．
[14] 魏国齐，杨威，杜金虎，等. 四川盆地震旦纪—早寒武世克拉通内裂陷地质特征[J]. 天然气工业，2015,35(1):24-35.
Wei Guoqi, Yang Wei, Du Jinhu, etal. Geological characteristics of Sinian-Early Cambrian in tracratonic rift,Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2015,35(1):24-35．
[15] 赵文智，汪泽成，姜华，等. 从古老碳酸盐岩大油气田形成条件看四川盆地深层震旦系的勘探地位[J]. 天然气工业，2020,40(2):1-10.
Zhao Wenzhi, Wang Zecheng, Jiang Hua, et al . Exploration status of the deep Sinian strata in the Sichuan Basin: formation conditions of old giant carbonate oil/gas fields[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020,40(2):1-10.
[16] 汪泽成，赵文智，胡素云，等. 克拉通盆地构造分异对大油气田形成的控制作用：以四川盆地震旦系—三叠系为例[J]. 天然气工业，2017,37(1):9-23.
Wang Zecheng, Zhao Wenzhi, Hu Suyun, et al . Control of tectonic differentiation on the formation of large oil and gas fields in craton basins: a case study of Sinian-Triassic of the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017,37(1):9-23.
[17] 谢增业，魏国齐，李剑，等. 四川盆地川中隆起带震旦系—二叠系天然气地球化学特征及成藏模式[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(6):50-67.
Xie Zengye, Wei Guoqi, Li Jian, et al . Geochemical characteristics and accumulation pattern of gas reservoirs of the Sinian-Permian in central Sichuan uplift zone, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(6):50-67.
[18] 文龙，王文之，李林娟，等. 川西南部灯影组展布特征新认识及油气地质勘探意义[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(3):56-65.
Wen Long, Wang Wenzhi, Li Linjuan, etal. New understandings of the distribution characteristics of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the southwestern Sichuan Basin and its significance for oil and gas geological exploration[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(3):56-65.
[19] 赵文智，贾爱林，王坤，等. 中国天然气“十三五”勘探开发理论技术进展与前景展望[J]. 石油科技论坛，2021,40(3):11-23.
Zhao Wenzhi, Jia Ailin, Wang Kun, et al . Theoretical and technological progress and development prospect of China’s natural gas exploration and development in the 13th Five-Year Plan period[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021,40(3):11-23.
[20] 刘亚洲，刚文哲，陈果，等. 改进的Δlog Ｒ模型在烃源岩评价中的应用[J]. 测井技术，2019,43(1):81-86.
Liu Yazhou, Gang Wenzhe, Chen Guo, et al . Application of improved ΔlogR model in evaluation of source rocks[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2019,43(1):81-86.
[21] 李延钧，张烈辉，冯媛媛，等. 页岩有机碳含量测井评价方法及其应用[J]. 天然气地球科学，2013,24(1):169-174.
Li Yanjun, Zhang Liehui, Feng Yuanyuan, et al . Logging evaluation method and its application for measuring the total organic carbon content in shale gas[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(1):169-174.
[22] 曾庆才，陈胜，贺佩，等. 四川盆地威远龙马溪组页岩气甜点区地震定量预测[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2018,45(3):406-413.
Zeng Qingcai, Chen Sheng, He Pei, et al . Quantitative seismic prediction of shale gas sweet spots in lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin, SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(3):406-413.
[23] 刘树根，孙玮，罗志立，等. 兴凯地裂运动与四川盆地下组合油气勘探[J]. 成都理工大学学报( 自然科学版)，2013,40(5):511-519.
Liu Shugen, Sun Wei, Luo Zhili, et al . Xingkai taphrogenesis and petroleum exploration from Upper Sinian to Cambrian Strata in Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition),2013,40(5): 511-519.
[24] 李文正，张建勇，李浩涵，等. 鄂西—渝东地区克拉通内裂陷分布特征及油气勘探意义[J]. 天然气地球科学，2020,31(5):675-685.
Li Wenzheng, Zhang Jianyong, Li Haohan, et al . Distribution characteristics of intracratonic rift and its exploration significance in western Hubei and eastern Chongqing area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2020,31(5):675-685.
[25] 李忠权，刘记，李应，等. 四川盆地震旦系威远—安岳拉张侵蚀槽特征及形成演化[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2015,42(1):26-34.
Li Zhongquan, Liu Ji, Li Ying, et al . Formation and evolution of Weiyuan-Anyue extension-erosion groove in Sinian system,Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(1):26-34.
[26] 谢增业，杨春龙，董才源，等. 四川盆地中泥盆统和中二叠统天然气地球化学特征及成因[J]. 天然气地球科学，2020,31(4):448-458.
Xie Zengye, Yang Chunlong, Dong Caiyuan, et al . Geochemical characteristics and genesis fo Middle Devonian and Middle Permian natural gas in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2020,31(4):448-458.
[27] 赵路子，汪泽成，杨雨，等. 四川盆地蓬探1 井灯影组灯二段油气勘探重大发现及意义[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(3):1-10.
Zhao Luzi, Wang Zecheng, Yang Yu, et al . Important discovery in the second member of Dengying Formation in Well Pengtan1 and its significance, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(3):1-10.
[28] 马石玉，谢武仁，杨威，等. 四川盆地及其周缘下寒武统沧浪铺组下段岩相古地理特征[J]. 天然气地球科学，2021,32(9):1324-1332.
Ma Shiyu, Xie Wuren, Yang Wei, et al . Lithofacies and paleogeography of the Lower Canglangpu Formation of the Lower Cambrian in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021,32(9):1324-1332.
[29] 焦方正，杨雨，冉崎，等. 四川盆地中部地区走滑断层的分布与天然气勘探[J]. 天然气工业，2021,41(8):92-99.
Jiao Fangzheng, Yang Yu, Ran Qi, et al . Distribution and gas exploration of the strike-slip faults in the central Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021,41(8):92-99.
[30] 严威，罗冰，周刚. 川中古隆起寒武系沧浪铺组下段天然气地质特征及勘探方向[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2021,48(2):290-310.
Yan Wei, Luo Bing, Zhou Gang.Natural gas geology and exploration direction of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu member in central Sichuan paleo-uplift, Sichuan Basin,SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2021,48(2):290-310.