火山灰—咸化湖相混源富有机质细粒岩沉积特征与成岩相——以三塘湖盆地条湖—马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组二段为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 三塘湖盆地条湖、马朗凹陷芦草沟组二段（芦二段）沉积期物源主要为空落火山灰和内源碳酸盐，这一特殊背景导致芦二段细粒岩优质储层成因机理十分复杂。基于岩石学和地球化学资料，对芦二段细粒岩沉积特征及成岩过程进行了系统研究。结果表明：岩性对芦二段对细粒岩物性、孔隙结构及流体可动性的控制作用十分微弱，不同岩性细粒岩在成岩过程中均可形成优质储层；除白云岩外，其余岩性细粒岩普遍富含有机质，其中凝灰岩和白云质凝灰岩主要发育蓝细菌，而绿藻在凝灰岩、白云质凝灰岩和凝灰质白云岩中均有发育，普遍发育的有机质在中成岩A期大量生烃，不仅改变了成岩环境，也对细粒岩储层中易溶矿物产生了有效且规模的溶蚀；压实作用是芦二段细粒岩致密化的主要因素，胶结作用对细粒岩储层质量影响较小，溶蚀作用是凝灰岩类优质储层形成的关键，白云化作用及期次有效改善了白云岩类储层的储集性能；依据不同岩性细粒岩溶蚀及白云化作用强度，将芦二段细粒岩成岩相划分为5 类，其中强溶蚀弱白云化相、中等溶蚀中等白云化相为优势成岩相；通过Matlab 随机森林法对成岩相进行了单井预测，进而明确其分布范围；研究结果不仅对于明确芦二段页岩油勘探的优势相带具有重要意义，也对研究这一特殊细粒岩的优质储层成因具有一定的启示作用。

关键词: 成岩相, 细粒岩, 咸化湖相, 富有机质, 芦草沟组, 三塘湖盆地

Abstract: In Tiaohu and Malang sags of Santanghu Basin, the sediment sources were mainly fallout volcanic ash and endogenous carbonates
during the deposition of second member of the Permian Lucaogou Formation (Lu 2 member). This unique sedimentary setting resulted in a highly complex formation mechanism of high-quality fine-grained reservoirs. Based on petrological and geochemical data, a systematic study has been conducted on sedimentary characteristics and diagenetic process of Lu 2 member fine-grained rocks. The study results indicate that the lithology had a minimal control over physical properties, pore structure, and fluid mobility of the fine-grained rocks, and high-quality reservoirs were formed after diagenesis of fine-grained rocks regardless of lithology. Except for dolomite, organic matter was generally rich in fine-grained rocks with other lithologies. Among them, cyanobacteria were predominant in tuff and dolomitic tuff, while green algae were developed in tuff, dolomitic tuff, and tuffaceous dolomite. The widespread organic matter underwent significant hydrocarbon generation during the middle diagenetic stage A, which not only altered the diagenetic environment, but also effectively and extensively dissolved soluble minerals in the fine-grained reservoirs. Compaction was the primary factor leading to the tightness of fine-grained rocks, while cementation had a relatively minor impact on reservoir quality. Dissolution was the key mechanism for forming high-quality tuff reservoirs, and multi-stage dolomitization significantly enhanced the storage capacity of dolomite reservoirs. Based on the intensity of dissolution and dolomitization, five types of diagenetic facies have been classified for Lu 2 member fine-grained rocks. Among them, the intense dissolution–weak dolomitization facies and the moderate dissolution–moderate dolomitization facies were the most favorable diagenetic facies. Using Matlab random forest method, diagenetic facies in a single well has been predicted, and the distribution area has been determined. The study achievements not only provide valuable insights into identifying favorable facies zones for shale oil exploration in Lu 2 member, but also contribute to understanding the formation mechanism of this unique type of high-quality fine-grained reservoirs.

Key words: diagenetic facies, fine-grained rocks, saline lake facies, organic-rich, Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.3

于淼, 高岗, 马强, 焦立新, 梁浩, 康积伦, 樊柯廷, 张伟, 梁辉, 徐雄飞, 范亮. 火山灰—咸化湖相混源富有机质细粒岩沉积特征与成岩相——以三塘湖盆地条湖—马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组二段为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(2): 64-83.

Yu Miao, Gao Gang, Ma Qiang, Jiao Lixin, Liang Hao, Kang Jilun, Fan Keting, Zhang Wei, Liang Hui, Xu Xiongfei, Fan Liang. Sedimentary characteristics and diagenetic facies of volcanic ash–saline lake facies mixed-source organic-rich fine-grained rocks: a case study of the second member of the Permian Luocaogou Formation in Tiaohu–Malang sags, Santanghu Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(2): 64-83.

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