三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组页岩油地质特征与勘探前景

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 二叠系芦草沟组发育三塘湖盆地最重要的烃源岩，以陆相咸化湖盆混合细粒沉积为主，具备良好的页岩油形成条件，目前已在马朗凹陷、条湖凹陷发现多个规模储量区。基于早期研究成果，结合现有地质资料，系统梳理芦草沟组页岩油形成的地质条件，总结勘探开发进展及存在的问题，探讨页岩油勘探潜力及下一步勘探方向。研究表明：（1）陆相咸化湖盆发育互层型混合细粒沉积；（2）优质烃源岩广覆式分布，生烃物质基础好；（3）储层“甜点”发育，块状凝灰岩、白云岩储集条件好；（4）滞留排烃，近源充注，原位聚集成藏；（5）原油物性复杂，局部发育高流度页岩油；（6）富含石英、碳酸盐等脆性矿物，有利于储层压裂改造。初步预测，芦草沟组页岩油资源量近3.95×10⁸t，勘探潜力大。近年来，通过一体化协同攻关，在地震预测、测井评价、水平井钻完井、压裂改造等方面取得一系列进展，推动芦草沟组页岩油勘探开发取得了良好成效，坚定了吐哈油田页岩油勘探开发信心。马朗凹陷西缘—条湖凹陷南缘高成熟轻质页岩油、马朗凹陷南缘近源砂岩页岩油是三塘湖盆地未来页岩油勘探的新领域。

关键词: 三塘湖盆地, 芦草沟组, 页岩油, 地质特征, 勘探潜力

Abstract: Permian Lucaogou Formation, mainly composed of mixed fi ne-grained sediments in salinized continental lake basin, is the most important source rock in Santanghu Basin, which has favorable conditions for forming shale oil reservoir. At present, several large-scale reserve areas have been found in Malang and Tiaohu Sags. Based on the early achievements, this paper studies the existing geological data,systematically sorts out the geological conditions for forming shale oil reservoir in Lucaogou Formation, summarizes the exploration and development progress and existing problems, and discusses the exploration prospect and potential targets for the next step. The results show that: (1) The interbedded mixed fi ne-grained sediments are developed in the salinized continental lake basin; (2) High quality source rocks are widely distributed with good material basis for hydrocarbon generation; (3) “Sweet spot” reservoir is developed with good reservoir space of thick tuff and dolomite; (4) Retention hydrocarbon expulsion, near source charging, and in-situ hydrocarbon accumulation; (5) The physical properties of crude oil are complex, with high mobility shale oil developed locally; (6) The reservoir is rich in quartz, carbonate and other brittle minerals, which is conducive to reservoir fracturing. According to preliminary evaluation, the geological resources of shale oil in Lucaogou Formation are nearly 395 million tons, with great exploration potential. In recent years, a series of progress has been made in seismic prediction, logging evaluation, horizontal well drilling and completion, fracturing and other aspects through integrated and collaborative research, which has achieved good results and strengthened the confi dence of Tuha Oilfi eld Company in shale oil exploration and development.In the future, the high mature light shale oil in the western margin of Malang Sag-southern margin of Tiaohu Sag, and near source shale oil of tight sandstone in the southern margin of Malang Sag are new fi elds for shale oil exploration in Santanghu Basin.

中图分类号:

TE111.1

范谭广, 徐雄飞, 范亮, 冯亚琴, 刘文辉, 刘俊田, 王美艳, 贾国强. 三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组页岩油地质特征与勘探前景[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(4): 125-136.

Fan Tanguang, Xu Xiongfei, Fan Liang, Feng Yaqin, Liu Wenhui, Liu Juntian, Wang Meiyan, Jia Guoqiang. Geological characteristics and exploration prospect of shale oil in Permian Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(4): 125-136.

参考文献

[1] 金之钧，白振瑞，高波，等．中国迎来页岩油气革命了吗？ [J]. 石油与天然气地质，2019,40(3):451-458. Jin Zhijun, Bai Zhenrui, Gao bo, et al . Has China ushered in the shale oil and gas evolution ？ [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019,40(3):451-458.
[2] 张林晔，李锯源，李政，等．北美页岩油期研究进展及对中国陆相页岩油气勘探的思考[J]. 地球科学进展，2014,29(6):700-711. Zhang Linye, Li Juyuan, Li Zheng, et al . Advances in shale oil gas research in North America and considerations on exploration for continental shale oil /gas in China[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2014,29(6):700-711.
[3] 周庆凡，金之钧，杨国丰，等．美国页岩油勘探开发现状与前景展望[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2019,40(3):469-477. Zhou Qingfan，Jin Zhijun，Yang Guofeng，et al . Shale oil exploration and production in the U.S.：status and outlook[J]. Oil & Gas Geology，2019,40(3):469-477.
[4] 杨雷，金之钧．全球页岩油发展及展望[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019, 24(5):553-559. Yang Lei, Jin Zhijun. Global shale oil development and prospects[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(5):553-559.
[5] 吴宝成，李建民，邬元月，等．准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩油上甜点地质工程一体化开发实践[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019, 24(5):679-690. Wu Baocheng, Li Jianmin, Wu Yuanyue, et al . Development practices of geology-engineering integration on upper sweet spots of Lucaogou Formation shale oil in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(5):679-690.
[6] 胡素云，赵文智，侯连华，等．中国陆相页岩油发展潜力与技术对策[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2020,47(4):819-828. Hu Suyun, Zhao Wenzhi, Hou Lianhua，et al . Development potential and technical strategy of continental shale oil in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2020,47(4):819-828.
[7] 支东明，唐勇，杨智峰，等．准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2019,40(3):524-534. Zhi Dongming，Tang Yong，Yang Zhifeng, et al . Geological characteristics and accumulation mechanism of continental shale oil in Jimusaer Sag, Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019,40(3):524-534.
[8] 付金华，牛小兵，淡卫东，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组长7 段页岩油地质特征及勘探开发进展[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(5): 601-614. Fu Jinhua, Niu Xiaobing, Dan Weidong, et al . The geological characteristics and the progress on exploration and development of shale oil in Chang7 member of Mesozoic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(5):601-614.
[9] 付锁堂，姚泾利，李士祥，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组陆相页岩油富集特征与资源潜力[J]. 石油实验地质，2020,42(5):698-710. Fu Suotang, Yao Jingli, Li Shixiang, et al . Enrichment characteristics and resource potential of continental shale oil in Mesozoic Yanchang Formation，Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology ＆ Experiment, 2020,42(5):698-710.
[10] 王玉华，梁江平，张金友，等．松辽盆地古龙页岩油资源潜力及勘探方向[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发，2020，39(3):20-34. Wang Yuhua, Liang Jiangping, Zhang Jinyou，et al . Resource potential and exploration direction of Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology ＆ Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2020,39(3):20-34.
[11] 赵贤正，姜在兴，张锐锋，等．陆相断陷盆地特殊岩性致密油藏地质特征与勘探实践——以束鹿凹陷沙河街组致密油藏为例[J].石油学报， 2015,36( 增刊1):1-9. Zhao Xianzheng, Jiang Zaixing, Zhang Ruifeng, et al . Geological characteristics and exploration practices of speciallithology tight oil reservoirs in continental rift basins: a case study of tight oil in Shahejie Formation, Shulu Sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015,36(S1):1-9.
[12] 陈旋，刘俊田，龙飞，等．三塘湖盆地二叠系凝灰岩致密油勘探开发实践及认识[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(6):771-780. Chen Xuan, Liu Juntian, Long Fei, et al . Practical experience and understanding of exploration and development of Permian tight tuff reservoir in the Santanghu Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(6):771-780.
[13] 梁世君，罗劝生，王瑞，等．三塘湖盆地二叠系非常规石油地质特征与勘探实践[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(5):624-635. Liang Shijun, Luo Quansheng, Wang Rui, et al . Geological characteristics and exploration practice of unconventional Permian oil resources in the Santanghu Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(5):624-635.
[14] 陈旋，刘俊田，冯亚琴，等．三塘湖盆地条湖组火山湖相沉凝灰岩致密油形成条件与富集因素[J]. 新疆地质，2018,36(2):246-251. Chen Xuan, Liu Juntian, Feng Yaqin, et al . Geological conditions and enrichment factors of tuff’s tight oil in volcanic lake facies, Tiaohu Formation of Santanghu Basin[J]. Xinjiang Geology, 2018,36(2):246-251.
[15] 柳波，吕延防，赵荣，等．三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷芦草沟组泥页岩系统地层超压与页岩油富集机理[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2012,39(6): 699-705. L i u B o , L v Y a n f a n g , Z h a o R o n g , e t a l . F o r m a t i o n overpressure and shale oil enrichment in the shale system of Lucaogou Formation, Malang Sag, Santanghu Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012,39(6): 699-705.
[16] 王昌桂，杨飚．三塘湖盆地油气勘探前景[J]. 新疆石油地质，2002, 23(2):92-94. Wang Changgui, Yang Biao. Exploration potential in Santanghu Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2002,23(2):92-94.
[17] 栗维民，梁浩．三塘湖盆地上二叠统芦草沟组沉积环境[J]. 新疆石油地质，2001,22(6):497-498. Li Weimin, Liang Hao. The sedimentary environment of Lucaogou Formation in Upper Permian in Santanghu Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology，2001,22(6):497-498.
[18] 朱国华，张杰，姚根顺，等．沉火山尘凝灰岩：一种赋存油气资源的重要岩类——以新疆北部中二叠统芦草沟组为例[J]. 海相油气地质， 2014,19(1):1-7. Zhu Guohua, Zhang Jie, Yao Genshun, et al . Sedimentary volcanic dust tuff, an important kind of rock storing hydrocarbon resources: discussion on the lithology of middle Permian Lucaogou oil-bearing rocks in the North of Xinjiang［J］. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2014,19(1):1-7.
[19] 王书荣，宋到福，何登发．三塘湖盆地火山灰对沉积有机质的富集效应及凝灰质烃源岩发育模式[J]. 石油学报，2013,34(6):1077-1087. Wang Shurong, Song Daofu, He Dengfa. The enrichment effect of organic materials by volcanic ash in sediments of the Santanghu Basin and the evolutionary pattern of tuffaceous source rocks[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013,34(6):1077-1087.
[20] 曲长胜，邱隆伟，杨勇强，等．准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组火山活动的环境响应[J]. 地震地质，2019,41(3):789-802. Qu Changsheng, Qiu Longwei, Yang Yongqiang, et al . Environmental response of the Permian volcanism in Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2019,41(3):789-802.
[21] 付金华．鄂尔多斯盆地致密油勘探理论与技术[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2018. Fu Jinhua. Theory and technology of tight oil exploration in Ordos Basin[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2018.
[22] 张文正，杨华，彭平安，等．晚三叠世火山活动对鄂尔多斯盆地长7 优质烃源发育的影响[J]. 地球化学，2009,38(6):573-582. Zhang Wenzheng, Yang hua, Peng Ping’an, et al . The influence of Triassic volcanism on the development of Chang7 high grade hydrocarbon source rock in Ordos Basin[J]. Geochimica, 2009,38(6):573-582.
[23] 卢双舫，黄文彪，陈方文，等．页岩油气资源分级评价标准探讨[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2012,39(2):249-256. Lu Shuangfang, Huang Wenbiao, Chen Fangwen, et al . Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources: discussion and application[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012,39(2):249-256.
[24] 马立元，程克明，刘大猛，等．酒泉盆地下白垩统藻纹层分布特征及其与油气的关系[J]．沉积学报，2007,25(1):147-153. Ma Liyuan, Cheng Keming, Liu Dameng, et al ．Laminar algal distribution characteristics of lower Cretaceous and the relation to oil gas of Jiuquan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007,25(1):147-153.
[25] 杨式升，罗平，涂建琪，等．湖相细粒储集岩岩石学研究方法[C]. 低渗透油气储层研讨会论文摘要集，2002. Yang Shisheng, Luo Ping, Tu Jianqi, et al . Research method of petrology of grained lacustrine facies reservoir rock[C]. The Abstracts of Papers about the Symposium on Low Permeable Oil and Gas Reservoir Seminar, 2002.
[26] 罗平，刘柳红，汪满福，等．酒西盆地青西坳陷下沟组致密细粒储层的形成与特征[C]. 低渗透油气储层研讨会论文摘要集，2002. Luo Ping, Liu Liuhong, Wang Manfu, et al . The formation and characteristics of tight and grained reservoir of Xiagou Formation of Qingxi Sag in Jiuxi Basin[C]. The Abstracts of Papers about the Symposium on low Permeable Oil and Gas Reservoir Seminar, 2002.
[27] Leythaeuser D, Schaefer R G, Radke M. On the primary migration[C]. Proceedings 12th World Petroleum Congress, Houston，2（Special Paper No.2)：227-236.
[28] Leythaeuser D, Schaefer R G, Radke M. Geochemical effects of primary migration of petroleum in Kimmeridge source rocks from Brae field area，North Sea.I：gross composition of C15+- soluble organic matter and molecular composition of C15+- saturated hydrocarbons[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta， 1988,52(3):701-713.
[29] 陈建平，孙永革，钟宁宁，等．地质条件下湖相烃源岩生排烃效率与模式[J]. 地质学报，2014,88(11):2005-2032. Chen Jianping, Sun Yongge, Zhong Ningning, et al . The efficiency and model petroleum expulsion from the lacustrine source rocks within geological frame[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2014,88(11):2005-2032.
[30] 张卫彪，钟宁宁，任德贻．三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤成油初次运移[J]．中国矿业大学学报，2000,29(6):623-627． Zhang Weibiao, Zhong Ningning, Ren Deyi. Primary migration of Jurassic coal-derived oil in Santanghu Basin[J]．Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2000,29(6): 623-627.
[31] 梁狄刚，冉隆辉，戴弹申，等．四川盆地中北部侏罗系大面积非常规石油勘探潜力的再认识[J]．石油学报，2011,32(1):8-17． Liang Digang, Ran Longhui, Dai Danshen, et al . A rerecognition of the prospecting potential of Jurassic large-area and non-conventional oils in the central-northern Sichuan Basin[J]．Acta Petrolei Sinica，2011,32(1):8-17.
[32] 李传亮，张景廉，杜志敏．油气初次运移理论新探[J]．地学前缘， 2007,14(4):132-141． Li Chuanliang, Zhang Jinglian, Du Zhimin. New viewpoints of the primary migration of oil and gas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007,14(4):132-141.
[33] 匡立春，唐勇，雷德文，等．准噶尔盆地二叠系咸化湖相云质岩致密油形成条件与勘探潜力[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2012,39(6):657-667. Kuang Lichun, Tang Yong, Lei Dewen, et al . Formation conditions and exploration potential of tight oil in the Permian saline lacustrine dolomitic rock, Junggar Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012,39(6):657-667.
[34] 彭永灿，李映艳，马辉树，等．吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油藏原油性质影响因素[J]. 新疆石油地质，2015,36(6):656-659. Peng Yongcan, Li Yingyan, Ma Huishu, et al . Influencing factors of crude oil properties in Lucaogou tight reservoir in Jimsar Sag, eastern Junggar Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2015,36(6):656-659.
[35] 陈祥，王敏，严永新，等．泌阳凹陷陆相页岩油气成藏条件[J]．石油与天然气地质，2011,32(4):568-576. Chen Xiang, Wang Min, Yan Yongxin, et al . Accumulation conditions for continental shale oil and gas in the Biyang Depression[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2011,32(4):568-576.
[36] 章新文，余志远，黄庆，等．泌阳凹陷陆相页岩油富集主控因素分析[J]．石油地质与工程，2013,27(3):5-11. Zhang Xinwen, Yu Zhiyuan, Huang Qing, et al . Discussion on main controlling factors of continental shale oil enrichment in Biyang Depression[J]．Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2013,27(3):5-11.