鄂尔多斯盆地深部煤岩气储层气孔成因及成藏富集特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地深部煤岩广泛分布，是天然气勘探开发的重要接替领域；但是随着埋深增加，深部地层温度、地应力和水文地质条件发生较大变化，导致深部煤岩气富集成藏规律与浅部存在较大差异，深部煤岩气成藏具有特殊性，孔隙结构特征及成因、成藏类型与富集特征等方面研究不足。开展了煤岩显微组分、扫描电镜等实验分析，研究认为，本溪组8 号煤岩沉积环境主要为潟湖—潮坪相沉积，东北部厚度为8～22m，向西南减薄为2～6m，煤岩镜质组含量高，平均为78.5%，成熟度从东北向西南增加；深部煤储层孔隙度为3.65%～5.84%，成煤沼泽类型对气孔形成有控制作用，气孔与地层水汽化、煤岩快速生烃有关；盆地深部煤岩气成藏类型常见微构造气藏、背斜构造气藏等多种类型；煤岩含气量由东北向西南增加，深部煤岩含气量转折点约2000m，沉积环境通过控制成煤沼泽相影响煤岩含气量分布，煤岩顶板为粉砂质泥岩，含气性好于石灰岩和砂岩顶板。提出了针对深部煤岩气应建立以储层孔隙发育为核心的地质评价体系、以孔隙发育带和含气富集区为核心的地球物理预测技术、以水平井煤储层气孔发育为核心的储层压裂设计和针对性生产技术，可加快实现深部煤岩气效益开发。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 深部煤岩气, 气孔, 成因机制, 成藏模式, 效益开发

Abstract: The deep coal rocks are widely distributed in Ordos Basin, showing a major replacement field for natural gas exploration and development. However, with the increasing burial depth, the temperature, field stress and hydrogeological conditions of deep formations vary greatly, resulting in great differences in gas accumulation law between deep coal rocks and shallow coal rocks. Regarding the particularity of gas accumulation in deep coal rocks, there are insufficient studies on pore structural characteristics and genesis, gas accumulation types and enrichment characteristics. The experimental analysis on coal rock marcels and scanning electron microscopy have been conducted. The results show that No.8 coal seam in Benxi Formation was mainly deposited in lagoon–tidal flat sedimentary environments, with a thickness of 8–22 m in the northeast and 2–6 m in the southwest, a high vitrinite content of 78.5% on an average, and an increasing maturity from northeast to southwest. The porosity of deep coal reservoir ranges in 3.65%–5.84%. The formation of vesicles was controlled the type of coal swamps, and it was affected by formation water vaporization and rapid hydrocarbon generation of coal rocks. There are multiple types of coal rock gas reservoirs in deep formations, such as microstructural gas reservoir and anticlinal gas reservoir. The gas content of coal rocks increases from northeast to southwest, with a critical point at a depth of about 2000 m. The gas content distribution of coal rocks was affected by coal-forming swamp facies zones. The gas content of coal rocks with a silty mudstone roof is better than those with limestone and sandstone roofs. In addition, it is proposed that a geological evaluation system for deep coal rock gas with the core of pore development, a geophysical prediction technology with the core of pore development zone and gas enrichment zone, and a horizontal well fracturing design and targeted production technology for vesicle developed reservoir should be researched and developed, so as to accelerate the beneficial development of deep coal rock gas.

Key words: Ordos Basin, deep coal rock gas, vesicle, genesis mechanism, reservoir pattern, beneficial development

中图分类号:

TE122.2

刘洪林, 王怀厂, 黄道军, 赵群, 李晓波. 鄂尔多斯盆地深部煤岩气储层气孔成因及成藏富集特征[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(4): 90-105.

Liu Honglin, Wang Huaichang , Huang Daojun, Zhao Qun, Li Xiaobo. Vesicle genesis and characteristics of gas accumulation and enrichment in deep coal rock reservoirs in Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(4): 90-105.

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