中国中—新元古界地质学与油气资源勘探前景

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2018.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 距今1800—541Ma时期的中—新元古界是中国最古老的沉积地层。由于一直未确认可靠的早期生命和相应的生物化石，在20世纪50年代之前，国际石油地质学界普遍认为中—新元古界不会含有烃类沉积，也从未考虑将中—新元古界作为油气勘探的目的层。然而最近半个多世纪以来，古生物学家对地球元古宙早期生命演化的基础性研究取得重大进展，石油地质学家和地球化学家也发现中—新元古界古老地层中存在大量油苗、沥青和富含有机质的烃源岩，这些沉积有机质可跨越未成熟—过成熟的不同热演化阶段，部分地区至今仍处于“生油液态窗”的范畴内，以致迄今国内外发现了数十个原生油气田，探明相当规模的油气储量，并获得高产油气流，从而表明中—新元古界完全具备形成与富集规模性油气资源的条件。

关键词: 中—新元古界, 地层, 生物标志, 地质特点

Abstract: The Meso-Neoproterozoic strata dated back to 1800-541 Ma are the oldest sedimentary strata in China. Petroleum geologists never thought that hydrocarbon could be found within the Meso-Neoproterozoic strata, or took them as exploration targets since no reliable early lives and associated fossils were identified in these strata until the 1950s. In recent decades, however, paleontologists have made great achievements in the fundamental research on early Proterozoic lives, and petroleum geologists and geochemists also found numerous oil seeps, asphalts and source rocks with rich organic matters. These organic matters are in immature to over-mature phases, even still in the "liquid oil window" in some zones, so that dozens of primary Meso-Neoproterozoic oil and gas fields have been found with large amount of oil/gas reserves and high oil/gas flows, indicating that the Meso-Neoproterozoic strata have favorable conditions for generation and accumulation of large-scale petroleum resources.

Key words: Meso-Neoproterozoic, strata, biomarkers, geological features

中图分类号:

王铁冠, 龚剑明. 中国中—新元古界地质学与油气资源勘探前景[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2018, 23(6): 1-9.

Wang Tieguan, Gong Jianming. Meso-Neoproterozoic geology and petroleum resources prospect in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2018, 23(6): 1-9.

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