柴达木盆地西部英雄岭页岩油地质工程一体化压裂技术创新与实践

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 柴达木盆地英雄岭下干柴沟组页岩层系灰云岩、泥页岩发育良好，灰云坪有利储层与优质烃源岩叠置互层分布，页岩油资源勘探开发潜力巨大，但具有高应力、高应力差、高频沉积旋回、纵向层理发育、强非均质性等储层改造难点，亟须建立适用性强的高效压裂技术体系，支撑效益勘探与高效开发。通过开展地质力学实验，明确了页岩破裂与裂缝延伸规律，制定了“控近扩远”的改造思路；发展了一维地质力学与可压裂性新算法，建立三维精细地质力学模型；采用模型模拟优化与数据驱动优化相结合的方式，形成了直井缝网压裂参数模板；对标国内陆相页岩油体积压裂主流做法与关键参数，在段簇设置、压裂参数优化等方面践行地质工程一体化理念，实现了以“加密切割、极限限流射孔、大排量、大规模、滑溜水高强度连续加砂、逆复合控近扩远、高石英砂占比”为核心的体积压裂技术的升级换代。实施直井压裂37井次，日产油2.1～44.9m³，获工业油流占比达97.2%；水平井压裂6井次，最高日产油113.5m³，在下干柴沟组上段落实页岩油地质储量5×10⁸t。

关键词: 柴达木盆地, 英雄岭, 下干柴沟组, 页岩油, 地质工程一体化, 压裂技术, 方案优化

Abstract: The limy dolomite and shale are well developed in Lower Ganchaigou Formation shale series in Yingxiongling area in Qaidam Basin, and the favorable reservoirs of limy-dolomitic flat are superimposed and interbedded with high-quality source rocks, showing huge exploration and development potential of shale oil resources. However, there are some difficulties in reservoir reconstruction, such as high field stress, high stress difference, high-frequency sedimentary cycle, well-developed lamination in vertical direction, and strong reservoir heterogeneity. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a highly applicable and high-efficiency fracturing technology system to support the benefit exploration and high-efficiency development. By conducting geomechanical experiments, the law of shale rupture and fracture propagation is clarified, and the reservoir reconstruction idea of “controlling nearby fractures and propagating long fractures” is formulated; A new algorithm of 1D geomechanics and fracability is researched, and a 3D fine geomechanical model is established; The combination of model simulation optimization and data-driven optimization is applied to form a network fracturing technology template for vertical wells; By benchmarking the mainstream practices and key parameters of volume fracturing of continental shale oil in China, the concept of geology and engineering integration is implemented in cluster setting and fracturing parameters optimization, achieving the upgrade of volume fracturing technology with the core of “high-density cutting, extremely limiting flow perforation, large displacement, large scale, high-intensity and continuous slickwater sand addition, inverse composite ‘controlling nearby fractures and propagating long fractures’, and high quartz sand percentage”. A total of 37 fracturing operations were conducted in vertical wells, with an oil rate of 2.1-44.9 m³/d, and the wells with commercial oil flows accounted for 97.2%; Another six fracturing operations were conducted in horizontal wells, with the maximum oil rate of 113.5 m³/d, and the proven shale oil geological reserves of 5×10⁸ t in the upper member of Lower Ganchaigou Formation.

中图分类号:

TE357.1

谢贵琪, 林海, 刘世铎, 刘永, 万有余, 张成娟, 李亚锋, 崔荣龙, 雷丰宇, 隋国杰, 邓立本, 张涛, 刘欢, 刘云翼, 蒲永霞. 柴达木盆地西部英雄岭页岩油地质工程一体化压裂技术创新与实践[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2023, 28(4): 105-116.

Xie Guiqi, Lin Hai, Liu Shiduo, Liu Yong, Wan Youyu, Zhang Chengjuan, Li Yafeng, Cui Ronglong, Lei Fengyu, Sui Guojie, Deng Liben, Zhang Tao, Liu Huan, Liu Yunyi, Pu Yongxia. Innovation and practice of geology and engineering integrated fracturing technology for shale oil in Yingxiongling area in the western Qaidam Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2023, 28(4): 105-116.

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