桑托斯盆地盐下湖相碳酸盐岩优质储层沉积模式

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.02.005mag

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 勘探实践表明，储层沉积特征是影响桑托斯盆地盐下湖相碳酸盐岩油气高产的关键因素，优质储层主要为发育在古隆起之上的微生物礁和浅滩相碳酸盐岩。基于地震资料构造解析及重力资料，重新厘定桑托斯盆地盐下构造单元和古隆起的分布，将盆地划分为5 个一级构造单元，其中外部隆起带是由南大西洋裂开过程中发生跃迁后产生的废弃洋中脊发育而来，非常有利于微生物礁的发育。基于钻井和地震资料，开展岩心相—测井相—地震相—沉积相系列研究，明确盐下核心区坳陷地层沉积相展布，结合裂陷期构造特征及古地貌，建立大型缓坡型、孤立基底高型、台内高地型和陡坡型4 类优质碳酸盐岩储层沉积模式，其中大型缓坡型、陡坡型沉积模式受单斜断块控制，台内高地型沉积模式受断隆构造控制，主要分布在外部隆起带；孤立基底高型沉积模式受断垒控制，主要分布在西部坳陷带和外部坳陷带。

关键词: 桑托斯盆地, 湖相碳酸盐岩, 大型缓坡型沉积模式, 孤立基底高型沉积模式, 台内高地型沉积模式, 陡坡型沉积模式

Abstract: Exploration practice indicates that the reservoir sedimentary characteristics are key factors affecting oil and gas production in subsalt lacustrine carbonate rocks in Santos Basin. The high-quality reservoirs are mainly composed of microbial reefs and shoal carbonate rocks deposited in paleo uplifts. Based on seismic structural interpretation and gravity data, the sub-salt structural units and distribution of paleo uplifts in Santos Basin have been redefined. The study results indicate that the basin was divided into five primary structural units, in which the outer uplift zone was originated from the abandoned Ocean Ridge after transition during breakup of the South Atlantic, which was very conducive to the development of microbial reefs. The drilling and seismic data have been used to analyze the core facies, logging facies, seismic facies, and sedimentary facies, identifying the distribution of sedimentary facies of sub-salt strata in the core depression zone. In addition, combined with the structural characteristics and paleogeography during rift period, four types of sedimentary modes of high-quality carbonate reservoirs have been established, including the large gentle slope, isolated high basement, intra-platform highland, and steep slope types. Among them, the large gentle slope and steep slope sedimentary modes were controlled by monoclinal fault blocks, and the intraplatform highland sedimentary mode was controlled by fault-uplift structure, and they are mainly distributed in the outer uplift zone. The isolated high basement sedimentary mode was controlled by fault horst, which was mainly distributed in the western depression zone and outer depression zone.

Key words: Santos Basin, lacustrine carbonate rocks, large gentle slope type sedimentary mode, isolated high basement type sedimentary mode, intraplatform highland type sedimentary mode, steep slope type sedimentary mode

中图分类号:

TE112.2

刘静静, 李军, 邬长武, 郭荣涛, 郭永强, 高蔚原, 史丹妮, 吴高奎. 桑托斯盆地盐下湖相碳酸盐岩优质储层沉积模式[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(2): 54-63.

Liu Jingjing, Li Jun, Wu Cahngwu, Guo Rongtao, Guo Yongqiang, Gao Weiyuan, Shi Danni, Wu Gaokui. Sedimentary modes of high-quality reservoirs in sub-salt lacustrine carbonate rocks in Santos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(2): 54-63.

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