川南与美国海相页岩气差异对比及对“中国页岩气革命”启示

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国页岩气勘探开发历经十余年的坚持不懈探索，初步实现了技术迭代与逐年上产，但要实现规模效益开发仍面临相关科学与技术瓶颈。为了进一步推动页岩气效益开发，实现“中国页岩气革命”，通过川南地区与美国页岩气地质特征及开发方式等差异对比分析，明确中国页岩气未来发展方向。研究表明：①川南页岩气藏受多期构造运动叠加影响，具有构造更复杂、应力差异大、储层非均质性强的特点，尽管其有机质丰度（TOC）与成熟度（R_o）具备优势，但孔隙度、渗透率、单井控制储量等关键参数显著低于美国典型页岩气田，导致规模效益开发面临天然瓶颈；②美国成熟的“水平井+ 体积压裂”技术体系虽具借鉴价值，却难以直接复制，中国必须立足复杂地质条件，突破“甜点精准刻画、超长水平井钻井、高效压裂工艺”等技术瓶颈，构建适配本土地质工程条件的技术体系；③美国页岩革命的成功核心在于项目制管理与日费制合同机制，实现了高风险条件下的高效迭代，反观中国传统的“接力棒”管理模式，严重制约开发效率，亟需推行扁平化项目制改革激发管理效能。近年来川南地区页岩气勘探开发实践表明开展“中国页岩气革命”是实现高质量发展的必由之路，需建立一套适配中国页岩气高效组织的特色管理体系，走适合中国页岩气发展的创新道路，同时重点开展地质工程甜点精细刻画、工艺技术迭代与立体开发实验，才能奋力实现中国页岩气产业发展的二次跨越。

关键词: 地质特征, 开发方式, 中国页岩气革命, 技术创新, 市场化管理

Abstract: After over a decade of persistent exploration, China’s shale gas sector has achieved preliminary technological iteration and sustained production growth. However, realizing large-scale commercially viable development remains constrained by scientific and technological bottlenecks. To advance economically efficient extraction and achieve the ‘Chinese Shale Gas Revolution,’ this study clarifies China’s strategic development pathway through comparative analysis of geological characteristics and extraction methodologies between the southern Sichuan Basin and U.S. shale plays. Key findings indicate: ① Sichuan’s shale reservoirs, shaped by multi-phase tectonic events, exhibit heightened structural complexity, significant stress variations, and strong reservoir heterogeneity. Despite superior organic richness (TOC avg. 4.8%) and maturity (R_o >2.5%), critical parameters including porosity (<6%), permeability, and reserves per well trail U.S. benchmarks by 30-50%, constituting inherent constraints to commercial-scale development. ② While U.S. “horizontal drilling + volumetric fracturing” systems offer valuable references, direct replication is infeasible. China must overcome technical barriers in sweet-spot delineation (targeting <5m accuracy),extended-reach lateral drilling (>3500m), and high-efficiency fracturing to establish a geology-adapted technical framework. ③ The U.S. revolution succeeded through project-based management and day-rate contracting, enabling rapid iteration amid high risks. In contrast, China’s fragmented “handover-style” management impedes operational efficiency, necessitating flattened project governance reforms. Recent field practices in Sichuan underscore that the ‘Chinese Shale Gas Revolution’ is imperative for high-quality development. This demands establishing a tailored management system with operational autonomy, pursuing innovation aligned with China’s geological realities, and prioritizing integrated sweet-spot characterization, technological iteration, and 3D reservoir development pilots to drive transformative breakthroughs.

Key words: Geological characteristic, Development approach, China’s shale gas revolution, Technical innovation, Market-oriented management

中图分类号:

TE122

刘勇, 赵圣贤, 方锐, 李博, 李佳峻, 刘东晨, 刘文平, 聂舟, 周鲁川, 朱怡晖. 川南与美国海相页岩气差异对比及对“中国页岩气革命”启示[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(5): 21-37.

Liu Yong, Zhao Shengxian, Fang Rui, Li Bo, Li Jiajun, Liu Dongchen, Liu Wenping, Nie Zhou, Zhou Luchuan, Zhu Yihui. Comparative Analysis of Marine Shale Gas Characteristics Between Southern Sichuan Basin and the United States: Implications for Advancing “China’s Shale Gas Revolution”[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(5): 21-37.

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