准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油开发实践

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组陆相页岩油资源丰富，估算资源量超过15.8×108t。为实现页岩油有效开发，近年来通过对芦草沟组陆相页岩油地质特征、工程技术、生产特征及规律等详细分析，结合开发实践的总结，取得了以下成果及认识：(1) 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩油是陆相咸化湖相细粒沉积的页岩，烃源岩品质优、厚度大，源储一体，页岩段原位聚集，甜点段邻源供烃为主、自生为辅的特征，是典型的陆相页岩油；(2) 明确了页岩油体积压裂水平井裂缝控制区内游离孔隙度和游离油丰度是页岩油高产的基础；(3) 随着埋深增大，水平两向应力差增大，压裂缝复杂性降低，是部分含油性好的“上甜点体”水平井低产的主要原因；(4) 原油黏度是影响“下甜点体”水平井产量的关键因素；(5) 优质“甜点”钻遇长度及压裂米加砂量是吉木萨尔页岩油水平井高产的工程关键因素；(6) 页岩油压裂液与基质孔隙原油存在渗吸置换作用，压裂后适当焖井可以提高生产效果；(7) 水力压裂缝长度有限，合理井距不应大于200m。通过持续研究和开发实践，页岩油开发取得了较好的效果，水平井单井最高年产突破1.3×104m3，2019 年已基本进入规模试验建产，为我国陆相页岩油的工业化开发积累了丰富的经验。

关键词: 吉木萨尔凹陷, 页岩油, 开发实践, 地质特征, 井距

Abstract: The Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag, in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang is rich in continental shale oil resources, with an estimated resource of more than 15.8×108 t. In recent years, in order to realize the effective development of shale oil, and based on detailed analysis of the geological characteristics, engineering technologies, production characteristics and laws of continental shale oil in the Lucaogou Formation, combined with development practice, the following achievements and understandings have been obtained: ① The source rocks of the Lucaogou shale oil in the Jimsar sag are fine-grained continental shale deposited in saline lakes. They are high quality source rocks with large thickness, and are characterized by integrated sources and reservoirs. Oil accumulated in-situ in the shale intervals and, in the sweet spot intervals, hydrocarbons were mainly supplied from adjacent source rocks with self-generation as auxiliary. All of these characteristics indicate typical continental shale oil. ② It is clear that the free porosity and free oil reserves abundance in the fracture controlling areas created by volume fracturing from horizontal wells are the basis for high production of shale oil. ③ With increase in burial depth, the horizontal stress difference between the two directions increases, and the complexity of hydraulic fractures decreases, which is the main reason for the low production of some horizontal wells with good oil-bearing properties in the “upper sweet spot interval”. ④ Oil viscosity is the key control factor for production from horizontal wells in the “lower sweet spot interval”. ⑤ The penetration length of high quality “sweet spots” shale and the proppant volume per meter during hydraulic fracturing are the key engineering factors for high production from horizontal shale oil wells in the Jimsar sag. ⑥ Due to imbibition and replacement between fracturing fluid and shale oil in the matrix pores, production can be improved by shutting in wells for some time after fracturing. ⑦ Due to the limited length of hydraulic fractures, the appropriate well spacing should not be larger than 200 m. Through continuous research and development practice, shale oil development has obtained good results. The maximum annual production of single horizontal well has been more than 1.3×104 m3. Since 2019, the area has basically entered the stage of scale productivity construction test, accumulating rich experiences for the industrial development of continental shale oil in China.

中图分类号:

高阳, 叶义平, 何吉祥, 钱根葆, 覃建华, 李映艳. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油开发实践[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(2): 133-141.

Gao Yang, Ye Yiping, He Jixiang, Qian Genbao, Qin Jianhua, Li Yingyan. Development practice of continental shale oil in the Jimsar sag in the Junggar Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(2): 133-141.

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