“进源找油”：致密油主要类型 及地质工程一体化进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 致密油是国内“进源找油”的主要对象，地质工程一体化是实现中国致密油规模效益发展的必由之路。本文提到的致密油，等同于页岩层系石油，是指依靠水平井体积压裂等现有技术可以实现规模效益开发的陆相非常规石油资源，致密油“进源找油”包括找出“甜点区”和采出“甜点体”两个内涵，根据页岩层系储层岩性、源储组合差异，将中国陆上致密油划分为“碎屑岩、混积岩—沉凝灰岩、碳酸盐岩”3 种主要类型。致密油地质工程一体化，就是以“甜点区（段）”评价识别为基础，以“甜点体”高产稳产为目标，以“逆向思维设计、正向作业施工”为工作指南，坚持地质设计与工程实践一体化组织管理，做好“甜点区（段）”评价刻画和“人工油藏”制造开发两篇文章，最终把蓝图设计转化为工程作业、转化为效益产量的系统工业过程。以松辽盆地扶余油层碎屑岩、柴西南扎哈泉碎屑岩、吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组混积岩、马朗凹陷条湖组沉凝灰岩、柴西南英西地区下干柴沟组碳酸盐岩、川中北大安寨段页岩等不同类型致密油为例，分类型阐述了中国石油探区研究区致密油地质工程一体化在地质评价预测、工程关键技术和主要管理举措等3 个方面的研究进展，“十三五”前三年新增三级储量9.97×108t，新建产能225×104t，取得了油气发现和产能建设“双丰收”。最后初步提出依托致密油地质工程一体化发展，加强多层系立体“人工油藏” 开发、建立不同类型小区块“参考模板”、高度关注页岩层系源岩油气等建议。

关键词: 页岩层系石油, 页岩油, 源岩油气, 甜点区, 甜点段, 地质工程一体化, 人工油藏

Abstract: Tight oil is one of the primary targets of “exploring oil inside source kitchen” in China. Geology-engineering integration is the only way to achieve large-scale benefit development of tight oil in China. The tight oil discussed in this paper - oil in shale formations - refers to unconventional continental oil resources that can be economically developed on a large scale using existing technologies such as horizontal well volume fracturing. There are 2 aspects to the concept of “exploring oil inside source kitchen” of tight oil: identifying “sweet spot areas”, and producing from “sweet spot bodies”. According to differences in lithology of the reservoir and source-reservoir assemblages in shale formations, onshore tight oil in China can be divided into 3 main types: clastic rocks; diamictite-sedimentary tuff, and carbonate rocks. Geology-engineering integration for tight oil is a systematic industrial process, based on evaluation and identification of “sweet spot areas (intervals)”, with high and stable production from “sweet spot bodies” as the goal, and “design by reverse thinking and operation by forward construction” as the operating methodology. The focus is on the effective organization, management and integration of geological design and engineering operations, the effective evaluation and description of “sweet spot areas (intervals)”, stimulation and development of “artificial reservoirs”, and, finally, transforming blueprint designs into engineering operations and benefit production. The examples in this paper include clastic rocks of Fuyu reservoir in the Songliao Basin, Zhahaquan clastic rocks in the southwest Qaidam Basin, diamictite of Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar Sag, sedimentary tuff of Tiaohu Formation in the Malang Sag, carbonate rocks of Lower Ganchaigou Formation in the Yingxi area of the southwest Qaidam Basin, and shales in the Da’anzhai member in central-northern Sichuan basin. This paper expounds the research progress of tight oil geology-engineering integration in PetroChina’s study and exploration areas. Three aspects of this work are described: geological evaluation and prediction; key engineering technologies, and major management measures. In the first three years of the “13th Five-Year plan”, newly-added three-level reserves were 9.97×108 t, and newly-established productivity was 225×104 t, achieving a “double harvest” of the oil and gas discovery and the construction of productivity. Finally, some preliminary suggestions for the future are proposed, which include: relying on the development of tight oil geology-engineering integration; strengthening multi-layer stereoscopic development of “artificial reservoirs”; establishing a “reference template” for different oil types in small blocks, and paying close attention to source rock oil and gas in shale formations.

中图分类号:

杨智, 唐振兴, 陈旋, 郭旭光, 李国会, 吴颜雄, 黄东, 江涛, 方向, 王岚, 吴因业, 赵家宏, 王天煦, 刘俊田, 贾希玉. “进源找油”：致密油主要类型及地质工程一体化进展[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(2): 73-83.

Yang Zhi, Tang Zhenxing, Chen Xuan, Guo Xuguang, Li Guohui, Wu Yanxiong, Huang Dong, Jiang Tao, Fang Xiang, Wang Lan, Wu Yinye, Zhao Jiahong, Wang Tianxu, Liu Juntian, Jia Xiyu. “Exploring oil inside source kitchen”: main types of tight oil and progress of geology-engineering integration[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(2): 73-83.

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