松辽盆地青山口组深湖区古龙页岩油微观差异分布特征与聚集机理

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 松辽盆地北部古龙凹陷青山口组页岩油（古龙页岩油）存在明显微观运移特征，呈现差异聚集现象，影响着滞留可动烃的分布与富集。本文通过对深湖区关键钻井密闭保压岩心序列洗油产物地球化学特征与孔隙结构联测等系统测试，明确古龙页岩赋存烃类微观分布特征，揭示运聚机理。研究认为深湖区古龙页岩粒度小于63μm，分为层状黏土（质）页岩、纹层状混合质页岩、纹层状长英质页岩、层状钙质页岩4类岩相。按照页岩滞留烃量排序，高TOC（TOC>2%）层状黏土（质）页岩总烃含量高（2.8～13.7mg/g），可动烃（2.8～12.5mg/g）主要赋存于小于32nm的黏土矿物晶间孔；中—高TOC（TOC>1%）纹层状混合质、长英质页岩总烃含量为3.8～7.3mg/g，可动烃（2.7～6.4mg/g）主要赋存于混合质纹层中直径小于8nm 和大于64nm的孔隙；中低TOC（TOC<1%）纹层状长英质页岩，仅含少量可动烃（3.1～4.6mg/g），主要赋存于孔隙直径大于64nm的孔隙，少量赋存小于8nm孔隙。有机质纹层分布和后期成岩作用是形成此差异分布与聚集的关键因素，黏土质纹层有机质富集，生成烃类优先原地滞留有机质孔和黏土晶间孔，部分可动烃运移至源内长英质纹层或碳酸盐矿物纹层，在溶蚀作用较强孔隙发育部位，可动烃运移量大，在黏土和碳酸盐矿物胶结较强孔隙不发育部位，可动烃运移量小。基于古龙页岩油可动烃分布和聚集机理，可以进一步明确高TOC层状黏土（质）页岩含油性好，为资源甜点，但赋存孔径较小；低TOC纹层状长英质页岩可动油含量低；中—高TOC纹层状混合质页岩可动油含量高、赋存孔径较大和可压性较好，可成为资源工程双甜点。

关键词: 页岩油；差异聚集；松辽盆地；古龙凹陷；甜点

Abstract: Qingshankou Formation shale oil in Gulong Sag in the northern part of Songliao Basin (referred to as Gulong shale oil) exhibits distinct microscopic migration and differential accumulation characteristics, which affect the distribution and enrichment of retained movable hydrocarbons. The geochemical characteristics of washing oil products and pore structure of sealed and pressurized core sequences from key wells in deep lake area have systematically been tested to clarify the micro distribution characteristics of hydrocarbons and reveal the migration and accumulation mechanism of Gulong shale oil. The study results suggest that Gulong shale in the deep lake area has a grain size of smaller than 63 μm, and four lithofacies are subdivided, i.e., layered clayey shale, laminated mixed shale, laminated felsic shale, and layered calcareous shale. Based on the ranking of shale retention hydrocarbon content, the layered clayey shale with high TOC (>2%) has a high total hydrocarbon content (2.8–13.7 mg/g), and the movable hydrocarbon (2.8–12.5 mg/g) mainly occurs in intercrystal pores of clay minerals smaller than 32 nm. The laminated mixed and felsic shale with medium–high TOC (>1%) has a total hydrocarbon content of 3.8–7.3 mg/g, and the movable hydrocarbon (2.7–6.4 mg/g) mainly occurs in pores with diameters smaller than 8 nm and larger than 64 nm in the mixed laminae. The laminated felsic shale with low TOC (<1%) contains only a small amount of movable hydrocarbon (3.1–4.6 mg/g), mainly occurring in pores with a diameter greater than 64 nm and only a small amount in pores less than 8 nm. The distribution of organic matter laminae and later diagenesis are the key factors for the differential hydrocarbon distribution and accumulation. The organic matters were enriched in clayey laminae, and the generated hydrocarbon was preferentially retained in situ in organic matter pores and clay intercrystal pores. Part of the movable hydrocarbon migrated to felsic laminae or carbonate mineral laminae within source rocks. In areas with strong dissolution and well-developed pores, the movable hydrocarbon migrated on a large scale. While in areas with strong clay and carbonate rock cementation and undeveloped pores, the migration amount of movable hydrocarbon was small. Based on the movable hydrocarbon distribution and accumulation mechanism of Gulong shale oil, it can be further clarified that the high-TOC layered clayey shale has a high oil content but small pore size, which is a resource sweet spot, but the low-TOC laminated felsic shale has a low movable oil content; The medium-hig TOC laminated mixed shale and felsic shale have a high movable oil content, large pore size and good fracability, which is the resource and engineering dual sweet spot.

Key words: shale oil; differential accumulation; Songliao Basin; Gulong Sag; sweet spot

中图分类号:

TE122

刘畅,朱如凯,李斌会,张金友,张婧雅,白斌. 松辽盆地青山口组深湖区古龙页岩油微观差异分布特征与聚集机理[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(5): 86-99.

Liu Chang,Zhu Rukai,Li Binhui,Zhang Jinyou,Zhang Jingya,Bai Bin. Microscopic differential distribution characteristics and accumulation mechanism of Gulong shale oil in Qingshankou Formation in the deep lake area, Songliao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(5): 86-99.

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