库车前陆盆地超深层大油气田形成的地质认识

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 库车前陆盆地是近年来中国乃至全球超深层油气勘探的热点区域，在盐下6500m 至8000m 埋深的碎屑岩储层内发现了一批高产、稳产的大型天然气田。地质认识的进步至关重要，为超深层勘探指明了方向。(1) 在顶蓬构造的减压作用下，盐下超深层仍发育规模有效储层，储层孔隙度达到3% ～ 9%；构造强挤压应力在盐下断背斜内形成“应力中和面”效应，控制储层垂向分层特征，构造顶部发育高产储层。(2) 前陆冲断带强烈挤压作用在盐下形成多排冲断带，断背斜圈闭规模发育，成排成带展布。(3) 古近系—新近系巨厚膏盐岩盖层因构造挤压呈塑性流动加厚，叠置于断背斜圈闭之上，具有效封挡作用。库车前陆盆地超深层具有优越的石油地质条件及广阔的勘探前景，南部秋里塔格构造带有望成为超深层油气勘探接替领域。

关键词: 库车前陆盆地, 超深层勘探, 天然气, 地质认识, 盐下断背斜圈闭

Abstract: Kuqa foreland basin is one of the hot spots for ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration in China and even around the world, where a number of large-scale gas fields of high and steady production have been discovered in the subsalt clastic fromation 6500m to 8000m deep. The progress in geological understanding is crucial in finding out the direction for the exploration of ultra-deep reservoirs. ① As a result of the depressuring effect of roof structure, there are large-scale effective reservoirs with a porosity of 3% to 9% existing in the subsalt . “Stress neutral plane” effect formed in the subsalt fault anticlines under the strong extrusion stress, controls the vertical zonation of the reservoirs, making high productivity reservoirs occur on the top. ② A series of thrust belts are formed in the subsalt under the intense squeezing action of the foreland thrust belt, where abundant fault anticline traps are in rows and belts. ③ The Paleogene gypsum-salt caprocks in plastic flow state covering on the fault anticline traps, providing effective sealing. The ultra-deep reservoirs in Kuqa foreland basin have favorable petroleum geological conditions and bright exploration prospect, and Qiulitage structural belt, in the southern Kuqa foreland basin, is expected to be a relay exploration domain of ultra-deep hydrocarbon.

Key words: Kuqa foreland basin, ultra-deep exploration, natural gas, geolo gical understanding, subsalt fault anticline traps

王招明, 李勇, 　谢会文, 　能源. 库车前陆盆地超深层大油气田形成的地质认识[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(1): 37-43.

Wang Zhaoming, Li Yong, Xie Huiwen, Neng Yuan. Geological understanding on the formation of large-scale ultra-deep oil-gas field in Kuqa foreland Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(1): 37-43.

参考文献

[1] 贾承造，王招明，等. 克拉2 气田的发现及勘探技术C[J].中国石油勘探, 2002,7(1):79-88. Jia Chengzao, Wang Zhaoming, et al . Discovery of Kela-2 gas field and exploration technology[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2002,7(1):79-88.
[2] 雷刚林，谢会文，张敬洲，等. 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带构造特征及天然气勘探[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2007,28(6):816-820. Lei Ganglin, Xie Huiwen, Zhang Jingzhou, et al . Structural features and natural gas exploration in the Kelasu structural belt, Kuqa depression[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2007,28(6):16-820.
[3] 雷刚林，张国伟，刘志宏. 库车前陆逆冲带生长地层及其在油气勘探中的意义[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2001,22(2):107-110. Lei Ganglin, Zhang Guowei, Liu Zhihong. The growth formation of Kuche foreland overthrust belt and its application in oil-gas exploration[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2001,22(2):107-110.
[4] 朱光有，张水昌，陈玲，等. 天然气充注成藏与深部砂岩储集层的形成——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2009,36(3):347-357. Zhu Guangyou, Zhang Shuichang, Chen Ling, et al . Coupling relationship between natural gas charging and deep sandstone reservoir formation: a case from the Kuqa depression,Tarim B a s i n [ J ] . P e t r o l e u m E x p l o r a t i o n a n d D e v e l o p m e n t , 2009,36(3):347-357.
[5] 能源，漆家福，谢会文，等. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部边缘构造特征[J]. 地质通报, 2012,31(9):1510-1519. Neng Yuan, Qi Jiafu, Xie Huiwen, et al . Structural characteristics of northern margin of Kuqa depression, Tarim Basin[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2012,31(9):1510-1519.
[6] 能源，谢会文，李勇，等. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷中部构造变形样式及分布特征[J]. 地质科学, 2012,47(3):629-640. Neng Yuan, Xie Huiwen, Li Yong, et al . The character of deformation style and its distribution law in the middle part of Kuqa depression, northern margin of Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2012,47(3):629-640.
[7] 王招明. 试论库车前陆冲断带构造顶蓬效应[J]. 天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):671-677. Wang Zhaoming. Discussion of ceiling effect in foreland thrust belt of Kuqa depression[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2013,24(4):671-677.
[8] 钟大康，朱筱敏. 克拉2 气田储层特征及优质储层形成机理[J]. 天然气工业, 2007,27(1):8-11. Zhong Dakang, Zhu Xiaomin. Reservoirs characteristics and formation mechanism of high quality reservoirs in Kela-2 gas field[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2007,27(1):8-11.
[9] 王招明，谢会文，李勇，等. 库车前陆冲断带深层盐下大气田的勘探和发现[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2013,18(3):1-11. Wang Zhaoming, Xie Huiwen, Li Yong, et al . Exploration and discovery of large and deep subsalt gas fields in Kuqa foreland thrust belt[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2013,18(3):1-11.
[10] 王招明，谢会文，陈永权，等. 塔里木盆地中深1 井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现与勘探意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2014,19(2):1-13. Wang Zhaoming, Xie Huiwen, Chen Yongquan,et al . Discovery and exploration of cambrian subsalt dolomite original hydocarbon reservoir at Zhongshen-1 Well in Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):1-13.
[11] 梁顺军, 雷开强, 王静, 等. 库车坳陷大北—克深砾石区地震攻关与天然气勘探突破[J]. 中国石油勘探，2014,19(5):49-58. Liang Shunjun, Lei Kaiqiang, Wang Jing, et al . Seismic research and natural gas exploration breakthrough in DB-KS gravel zone in Kuqa depression[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2014,19(5):49-58.
[12] 汤良杰，余一欣，杨文静，等. 库车坳陷古隆起与盐构造特征及控油气作用[J]. 地质学报, 2007,81(2):143-150. Tang Liangjie, Yu Yixin, Yang Wenjing, et al . Paleo uplifts and salt structures and their influence on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa depression[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007,81(2):143-150.
[13] 黄少英，王月然，魏红兴. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造特征及形成演化[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2009,33(1):117-123. Huang Shaoying, Wang Yueran, Wei Hongxing. Characteristics of salt structures and its evolution in Kuqa depression, Tarim Basin[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2009,33(1):117-123.
[14] 杨明慧，金之钧，吕修祥，等. 塔里木盆地西秋里塔格构造带走滑双重构造与“三明治”构造地质建模[J]. 地质论评, 2008,54(2):155-161. Yang Minghui, Jin Zhijun, Lü Xiuxiang, et al . Strike-slip duplex and “sandwich” geological modeling of the western Qiulitag structural belt, Tarim Basin[J]. Geological Review, 2008,54(2):155-161.
[15] 苗继军，贾承造，王招明，等. 塔里木盆地北部库车地区秋里塔格构造带地层结构及其对构造变形的制约[J]. 地质科学,2005(4):110-121. M i a o J i j u n , J i a C h e n g z a o , W a n g Z h a o m i n g , e t a l . Stratigraphic configuration control on tectonic deformation along the Qiultag anticline belt of Kuqa area, northern Tarim Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2005(4):110-121.
[16] 范秋海，吕修祥，杨明慧. 膏盐层在秋里塔格构造带构造形成及油气聚集中的控制作用[J]. 石油天然气学报：江汉石油学院学报,2005( 增刊1): 153-155.Fan Qiuhai, Lü Xiuxiang, Yang Minghui. Functions ofgypsum-salt layer in tectonic deformation and hydrocarbon accumulation of the Qiultag structural belt, Kuqa depression[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2005(Supp.1):153-155.