川西北构造样式特征及其油气地质意义

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 川西北地区经历多期的构造运动，构造样式多种多样，构造特征复杂多变，对油气勘探有着非常重要的影响。对川西北地区地震资料、测井资料和露头资料进行综合分析与总结，结果表明：其构造样式主要包括基底冲断与滑覆叠加构造、叠瓦扇逆冲断层、断层相关褶皱、反冲断层和背斜构造。以构造样式形成时间可划分出3个构造变形阶段：①印支期逆冲推覆阶段；②燕山期逆冲推覆阶段；③喜马拉雅期逆冲推覆—滑覆阶段。结论认为：各大构造样式当中，断层相关褶皱和高陡背斜可以形成构造圈闭和岩性圈闭，是目前实际的勘探目标；反冲断层组成的构造三角带可以形成构造圈闭和岩性圈闭，是潜在的有利勘探区带。

关键词: 川西北, 构造样式, 龙门山, 油气勘探, 地质意义

Abstract: In the Northwest Sichuan Basin, there is a great variety of structural patterns with complicated structural characteristics formed as a result of structural movements during multiple stages, which are significant for petroleum exploration. In this paper, the seismic, logging and outcrop data of the Northwest Sichuan Basin were analyzed comprehensively. The results show that the major structural patterns include superposed basement thrust and sliding-nappe structure, imbricate fan thrust fault, fault-related fold, back-thrust fault and anticline. Considering the time that the structural patterns were formed, three structural deformation stages can be identified, i.e. the thrust-nappe stage during the Indosinian period, the thrust-nappe stage during the Yanshanian period, and the thrust-nappe–sliding-nappe stage during the Himalayan period. Among these structural patterns, the fault-related fold and high & steep anticline may form structural and lithologic traps, and they are targets in current exploration. The structural triangle belt composed by back-thrust faults may also form structural and lithologic traps, serving as potential favorable exploration targets.

Key words: Northwest Sichuan Basin, structural pattern, Longmenshan, petroleum exploration, geological significance

王鼐, 魏国齐, 杨威, 王秀姣. 川西北构造样式特征及其油气地质意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(6): 26-33.

Wang Nai, Wei Guoqi, Yang Wei, Wang Xiujiao. Characteristics and geological significance of structural patterns in Northwest Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(6): 26-33.

参考文献

[1] Price R A. Large-scale gravitational flow of supra-crustal rocks, Southern Canadian Rockies[J]. Gravity and Tectonics, 1973:491-502.
[2] Dickinson W R. Sedimentary basins developed during evolution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic arc-trench system in western North America[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1976, 13(9):1268-1287.
[3] 刘和甫，梁慧社，蔡立国，等. 川西龙门山冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化[J].地质学报,1994,68(2):100-117. Liu Hefu, Liang Huishe, Cai Liguo, et al. Structural styles of the Longmenshan thrust belt and evolution of the foreland basin in western Sichuan Province, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1994,68(2):100-117.
[4] 刘树根，罗志立，戴苏兰，等.龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降[J]. 地质学报，1995,9(3):205-213. Liu Shugen, Luo Zhili, Dai Sulan, et al. The uplift of Longmenshan thrust belt and subsidence of the western Sichuan foreland basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1995,9(3):205-213.
[5] 罗志立，宋鸿彪，赵锡奎. C-俯冲带及对中国中西部造山带形成的作用[J].石油勘探与开发，1995,22(2):1-7. Luo Zhili, Song Hongbiao, ZhaoXikui. C-subduction and its roles in the evolution of the orogenic belts in central-western China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1995, 22(2):1-7.
[6] 蔡立国，刘和甫.四川前陆褶皱—冲断带构造样式与特征[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):115-120. Cai Liguo, Liu Hefu. Structural styles and characteristics of fold-trust belts in Sichuan foreland Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experimental 1997,19(2):115-120.
[7] 卢华复，陈楚铭，刘志宏，等.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):18-24. Lu Huafu, Chen Chuming, Liu Zhihong, et al. The structural features and origin of the Kuqa rejuvenation foreland thrust belt[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(3):18-24.
[8] 贾承造，宋岩，魏国齐，等.中国中西部前陆盆地的地质特征及油气聚集[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):3-13. Jia Chengzao, Song Yan, Wei Guoqi, et al. Geological features and petroleum accumulation in the foreland basins in central and western China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2005,12(3):3-13.
[9] 李本亮，魏国齐，贾承造.中国前陆盆地构造地质特征综述与油气勘探[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):190-202. Li Benliang, Wei Guoqi, Jia Chengzao. Some key tectonics characteristics of Chinese foreland basins and their petroleum exploration[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2009,16(4):190-202.
[10] 陈竹新，贾承造，等.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育[J]. 高校地质学报, 2003,9(3): 402-410. Chen Zhuxin, Jia Chengzao, et al. Structural features of the Longmenshan fold and thrust belt and development of the western Sichuan foreland basin, central China[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2003,9(3): 402-410.
[11] 陈竹新，李本亮等. 龙门山冲断带北段前锋带新生代构造变形[J]. 地质学报, 2008,82(9):1178-1185. Chen Zhuxin, Li Benliang, et al. The Cenozoic structural deformation in the northern Longmenshan front belt[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008,82(9):1178-1185.
[12] 刘树根，赵锡奎，罗志立，等.龙门山造山带—川西前陆盆地系统构造事件研究[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(3):221-230. Liu Shugen, Zhao Xikui, Luo Zhili, et al. Study on the tectonic events in the system of the Longmen mountain-west Sichuan foreland basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology, 2001,28(3):221-230.
[13] 刘树根，罗志立，赵锡奎.中国西部盆山系统的耦合关系及其动力学模型——以龙门山造山带—川西前陆盆地系统为例[J].地质学报，2003,77(2):177-186. Liu Shugen, Luo Zhili, Zhao Xikui, et al. Coupling relationships of sedimentary basin-orogenic belt systems and their dynamic models in west China-a case study of the Longmenshan orogenic belt-west Sichuan foreland basin system[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2003,77(2):177-186.
[14] 于苏俊. 龙门山北段推覆构造的几何特征及应变分析[J]. 矿物岩石, 2000,20(4): 67-74． Yu Sujun. Geometrical characteristics and strain analysis of nappe structures in the northern section of Longmenshan[J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 2000,20(4): 67-74.
[15] 郭正吾，邛康龄，韩永辉. 四川盆地形成与演化[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1996: 48-138. Guo Zhengwu, Qiong Kangling, Han Yonghui. The formation and development of Sichuan Basin[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1996:48-138.
[16] 李卿，李忠权，刘爱疆,等. 龙门山北段天井山构造特征及成因模拟[J].东北石油大学学报,2012,36(6):1-7. Li Qing, Li Zhongquan, Liu Aijiang, et al. Characteristics and physical simulation of the structural features of Tianjing Moutain north of Longmen Moutain[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2012,36(6):1-7.
[17] 贾承造，魏国齐，李本亮.中国小型克拉通盆地群的叠合复合性质及其含油气系统[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(4):479-492. Jia Chengzao, Wei Guoqi, Li Benliang. The superimposition and composition of small cratonic basin group and its petroliferous in China[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2005,11(4):479-492.
[18] 李书兵，许国明，宋晓波. 川西龙门山前构造带彭州雷口坡组大型气田的形成条件 [J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(3):74-82. Li Shubing, Xu Guoming, Song Xiaobo, et al.Forming conditions of Pengzhou large gas field of Leikoupo Formation in Longmenshan piedmont tectonic belt, western Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(3):74-82.
[19] 贾承造，魏国齐，李本亮,等.中国中西部两期前陆盆地的形成及控气作用[J].石油学报,2003,24(2):13-17. Jia Chengzao, Wei Guoqi, Li Benliang, et al. The forming of two epoch foreland basin and its gas geology in western China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2003,24(2):13-17.
[20] 邓康玲，余福林. 川西坳陷的复合构造与油气关系[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2005,26(2):214-219. Deng Kangling, Yu Fulin. Compound structrues and hydrocarbons in western Sichuan depression[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005,26(2):214-219.
[21] 何鲤,刘莉萍，罗潇，等.川西龙门山推覆构造特征及有利油气勘探区块预测[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(3):248-252. He Li, Liu Liping, Luo Xiao, et al. Nappe structure characteristics and exploration potential forecast in Longmenshan, the west of Sichuan Province[J]. Petroleum Geology & experiment. 2007,29(3):248-252.
[22] 杜金虎，杨涛，李欣，等. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司“十二五”油气勘探发现与“十三五”展望[J].中国石油勘探，2016,21(2):1-15. Du Jinhu, Yang Tao, Li Xin，et al. Oil and gas exploration and discovery of PetroChina Company Limited during the 12th Five-Year Plan and the prospect during the 13th Five-Year Plan[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016,21(2):1-15.