湘西地区叠加型前陆盆地沉积环境演化模式研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 湘西地区从南华纪以来经历了两次大规模前陆盆地的形成与演化过程，南华纪—志留纪末期海相前陆盆地形成阶段和泥盆纪—早白垩世陆相前陆盆地形成阶段。其沉积环境演化模式为：海相前陆盆地的形成与演化经历了大陆裂谷碎屑岩阶段、被动大陆边缘碎屑岩陆棚—碳酸盐岩陆棚—碳酸盐台地阶段、前陆盆地早期海相复理石阶段、前陆盆地晚期海相磨拉石阶段，缺失前陆盆地晚期陆相磨拉石阶段，且前陆盆地晚期海相磨拉石阶段短暂，前陆盆地早期海相复理石阶段长久。陆相前陆盆地的形成与演化经历了大陆裂谷拉张碎屑岩阶段、被动大陆边缘碳酸盐台地—台盆阶段、前陆盆地早期海相复理石阶段、前陆盆地晚期陆相磨拉石阶段，缺失前陆盆地晚期海相磨拉石阶段，且前陆盆地早期海相复理石阶段短暂，而前陆盆地晚期陆相磨拉石阶段长久。两次前陆盆地形成过程的差异受控于构造运动中古地理位置：第一次海相前陆盆地受控于其东南缘华南洋的形成、发展与消亡，为近被动大陆边缘海相前陆盆地；第二次陆相前陆盆地受控于北部勉略洋的形成、发展与消亡，为远被动大陆边缘陆相前陆盆地。湘西地区复合叠加型前陆盆地的形成与演化反映了整个扬子地台边缘的构造、沉积演化历史，对应于两次威尔逊旋回。

关键词: 前陆盆地, 被动陆缘, 复理石, 磨拉石, 沉积环境, 湘西

Abstract: The western Hunan Province has experienced two periods of large-scale formation and evolution of foreland basin, i.e. the Nanhua-late Silurian when the marine foreland basin was formed, and the Devonian-Early Cretaceous when the continent foreland basin was formed. As for the sedimentary environment evolution model, the marine foreland basin was formed and evolved through the stages of continental rift clastic rocks, passive continental margin clastic rocks continental shelf–carbonate continental shelf–carbonate platform, early marine flysch in foreland basin, and late marine molasse in foreland basin, with the stage of late continental molasse in foreland basin missing; the stage of late marine molasse in foreland basin is transient, while the stage of early marine flysch in foreland basin is long. The continental foreland basin was formed and evolved through the stages of clastic rock of continental rift extension, carbonate platform–platform basin in passive continental margin, early marine flysch in foreland basin, and late continental molasse in foreland basin, with the stage of late marine molasse in foreland basin missing; the stage of early marine molasse in foreland basin is transient, while the stage of late continental molasse in foreland basin is long. The differences between the two periods are subject to the palaeo-geographical location during tectonic movements. During the former period, the formation of marine foreland basin was controlled by the formation, development and extinction of the Huanan Ocean at the southeast margin, presenting as a marine foreland basin near the passive continental margin. During the later period, the formation of continental foreland basin was controlled by to the formation, development and extinction of the Mianlue Ocean in the north, presenting as a continental foreland basin distant to the passive continental margin. In western Hunan Province, the formation and evolution of the complex superimposed foreland basin reflects the tectonic and sedimentary evolution history of the entire Yangtze platform margin, corresponding to two Wilson cycles.

Key words: foreland basin, passive margin, flysch, molasse, sedimentary environment, western Hunan Province

李斌, 罗群, 胡博文, 晋常昊. 湘西地区叠加型前陆盆地沉积环境演化模式研究[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(6): 81-90.

Li Bin, Luo Qun, Hu Bowen, Jin Changhao. A study on sedimentary environment evolution model of superimposed foreland basin in western Hunan Province[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(6): 81-90.

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