鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系盐下侧向供烃成藏特征及勘探潜力

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组发育厚达近千米的碳酸盐岩与膏盐岩共生的地层组合，埋深偏大。这套远离风化壳的奥陶系盐下层系能否具备烃源有效供给及规模成藏，是制约勘探的关键问题。基于奥陶系沉积期后构造演化及其与上古生界煤系烃源层配置关系的研究，认为奥陶系盐下在邻近古隆起区存在与上古生界煤系烃源层直接接触且规模性分布的供烃窗口，窗口区在生排烃高峰期处于构造下倾部位，生烃增压等因素产生运移动力，有利于天然气向高部位运聚；膏盐岩封盖层与白云岩储集体横向连续稳定分布构成良好的储盖组合；盆地中东部奥陶系盐下具有规模成藏的潜力，乌审旗—靖边—延安一带为有利勘探区，值得勘探重视。

关键词: 供烃窗口, 侧向供烃, 奥陶系盐下, 岩性圈闭, 运移动力, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract: A stratigraphic combination of carbonate rocks and gypsum rocks is developed in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the central-eastern Ordos Basin, with a thickness of nearly 1000 m and relatively large burial depth. The key issue restricting exploration is whether there is effective hydrocarbon supply and large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation in the Ordovician pre-salt strata, which is far away from the weathering crust. Based on research on the tectonic evolution of the Ordovician in the later sedimentary period, and the allocation relation between the Ordovician strata and the coal-bearing source rocks in the upper Paleozoic, it is considered that there is a hydrocarbon supply window for the Ordovician pre-salt strata in the areas adjacent to the paleo-uplift, which are in direct contact with the coal-bearing source rocks of the upper Paleozoic and are distributed on a large scale. The window zone was in a downdip structural position during the peak of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. Favorable factors such as hydrocarbon generation and pressurization have provided migration force, which is conducive to the migration and accumulation of natural gas towards high positions. A good reservoir-cap assemblage is formed by continuous and stable lateral distribution of gypsum cap rocks and dolomite reservoirs. There is potential for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation in the Ordovician pre-salt formations in the central-eastern part of the basin. The Wushenqi-Jingbian-Yan'an area is favorable for exploration and should receive more attention in the future.

中图分类号:

包洪平, 黄正良, 武春英, 魏柳斌, 任军峰, 王前平. 鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系盐下侧向供烃成藏特征及勘探潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(3): 134-145.

Bao Hongping, Huang Zhengliang, Wu Chunying, Wei Liubin, Ren Junfeng, Wang Qianping. Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and exploration potential of Ordovician pre-salt formations by lateral hydrocarbon supply in the central-eastern Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(3): 134-145.

参考文献

[1] 文竹，何登发，童晓光．蒸发岩发育特征及其对大油气田形成的影响[J]. 新疆石油地质，2012,33(3):373-378. Wen Zhu, He Dengfa, Tong Xiaoguang. Global evaporites development characteristics and their effects on formation of giant oil fields[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2012,33(3): 373-378.
[2] 雷怀彦．蒸发岩沉积与油气形成的关系[J]. 天然气地球科学，1996, 7(2):22-28. Lei Huaiyan. The relationship between evaporate sediment and formation of oil and gas[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 1996,7(2): 22-28.
[3] 李勇，钟建华，温志峰，段宏亮，王海侨．蒸发岩与油气生成、保存的关系[J]. 沉积学报,2006,24(4):596-606. Li Yong, Zhong Jianhua, Wen Zhifeng, Duan Hongliang, Wang Haiqiao. Study on the relationship between evaporate and hydrocarbon generation[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2006,24(4):596-606.
[4] 徐世文，于兴河，刘妮娜，姜辉，张广权．蒸发岩与沉积盆地的含油气性[J]. 新疆石油地质,2005,26(6):715-718. Xu Shiwen, Yu Xinghe, Liu Nina, Jiang Hui, Zhang Guangquan. Petroliferous property in evaporitic rocks and sedimentary basins[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2005,26(6): 715-718.
[5] Chritopher G, Kendall S C, Weber L J. The giant oil field evaporite association - A function of the Wilson cycle, climate, basin position and sea level[A]. AAPG Annual Convention, 2009，40471.
[6] 张永庶，周飞，王波，曾旭，张静，张小波．柴西地区天然气成因、类型及成藏规律[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(4):498-508. Zhang Yongshu, Zhou Fei, Wang Bo, Zeng Xu, Zhang Jing, Zhang Xiaobo. Genesis, type and reservoir formation law of natural gas in western Qaidam Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(4):498-508.
[7] 李剑，佘源琦，高阳，杨桂茹，李明鹏，杨慎．中国陆上深层—超深层天然气勘探领域及潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(4):403-417. Li Jian, She Yuanqi, Gao Yang, Yang Guiru, Li Mingpeng, Yang Shen. Onshore deep and ultra-deep natural gas exploration fields and potentials in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(4):403-417.
[8] 付金华，范立勇，刘新社，胡新友，李继宏，季海锟．鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探新进展、前景展望和对策措施[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019, 24(4):418-430. Fu Jinhua, Fan Liyong, Liu Xinshe, Hu Xinyou, Li Jihong, Ji Haikun. New progresses, prospects and countermeasures of natural gas exploration in the Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(4):418-430.
[9] 张吉森，曾少华，黄建松，马振芳，王泽中．鄂尔多斯东部地区盐岩的发现、成因及其意义[J]. 沉积学报，1991,9(2):34-43. Zhang Jisen, Zeng Shaohua, Huang Jiansong, Ma Zhenfang, Wang Zezhong. The occurrence and significance of Ordovician halite in east Ordos[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1991, 9(2):34-43.
[10] 苗忠英，陈践发，张晨，史基安, 邵毅．鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系盐下天然气成藏条件[J]. 天然气工业，2011,31(2):39-42. Miao Zhongying, Chen Jianfa, Zhang Chen, Shi Ji’an, Shao Yi. Gas pooling conditions in the Ordovician subsalt layers, eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2011,31(2):39-42.
[11] 夏明军，郑聪斌，戴金星，邹才能，汪泽成，王兰萍．鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系盐下储层及成藏条件分析[J]. 天然气地球科学，2007, 18(2):204-208. Xia Mingjun, Zheng Congbin, Dai Jinxing, Zou Caineng, Wang Zecheng, Wang Lanping. Ordovician under-salt reservoirs and forming conditions of gas pools in eastern Ordos basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007,18(2):204-208.
[12] 胡素云，石书缘，王铜山，刘伟，白斌，徐安娜, 等．膏盐环境对碳酸盐岩层系成烃、成储和成藏的影响[J]. 中国石油勘探，2016, 21(2):20-27. Hu Suyun, Shi Shuyuan, Wang Tongshan, Liu Wei, Bai Bin, Xu Anna, et al . Effect of gypsum-salt environment on hydrocarbon generation, reservoir-forming and hydrocarbon a c c umul a t i o n i n c a r b o n a t e s t r a t a [ J ] . Ch i n a P e t r o l e um Exploration, 2016,21(2):20-27.
[13] 关德师，张文正，裴戈．鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系产层的油气源 [J]. 石油与天然气地质，1993,14(3):191-199. Guan Deshi, Zhang Wenzheng, Pei Ge. Oil-gas sources of Ordovician reservoir in gas field of central Ordos Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1993,14(3):191-199.
[14] 杨华，张文正，昝川莉，马军．鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系盐下天然气地球化学特征及其对靖边气田气源再认识[J]. 天然气地球科学， 2009,20(1):8-14. Yang Hua, Zhang Wenzheng, Zan Chuanli, Ma Jun. Geochemical characteristics of Ordovician subsalt gas reservoir and their significance for reunderstanding the gas source of Jingbian Gasfield, East Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2009,20(1):8-14.
[15] 张士亚．鄂尔多斯盆地天然气气源及勘探方向[J]. 天然气工业， 1994,14(3):1-4. Zhang Shiya. Natural gas source and explorative direction in Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 1994,14(3):1-4.
[16] 黄第藩，熊传武，杨俊杰，徐正球，王可仁．鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田气源判识和天然气成因类型[J]. 天然气工业，1996,16(6):1-5. Huang Difan, Xiong Chuanwu, Yang Junjie, Xu Zhengqiu, Wang Keren. Gas source discrimination and natural gas genetic types of central gas field in Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 1996,16(6):1-5.
[17] 杨俊杰．陕甘宁盆地下古生界天然气的发现[J]. 天然气工业，1991, 11(2):1-6. Yang Junjie. Discovery of the natural gas in Lower Palaeozoic in Shanganning Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 1991,11(2): 1-6.
[18] 李贤庆，侯读杰，胡国艺，唐友军，谢增业，张爱云．鄂尔多斯盆地中部地区下古生界碳酸盐岩生烃潜力探讨[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报， 2002,21(3):152-157. Li Xianqing, Hou Dujie, Hu Guoyi, Tang Youjun, Xie Zengye, Zhang Aiyun. The discussion on hydrocarbongenerated potential of Lower Paleozoic carbonates in the central part of Ordos Basin[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry, 2002,21(3):152-157.
[19] 王传刚．鄂尔多斯盆地海相烃源岩的成藏有效性分析[J]. 地学前缘， 2012,19(1):253-263. Wang Chuangang. Availability analysis of oil pool forming for marine source rock in Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012,19(1):253-263.
[20] 陈安定．陕甘宁盆地奥陶系源岩及碳酸盐岩生烃的有关问题讨论[J]. 沉积学报，1996,14( 增刊1):90-99. Chen Anding. Carbonate source-rocks of the Ordovician in Shanganning Basin and discussion on the hydrocarbon generation of carbonates[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1996, 14(S1):90-99.
[21] 陈安定．论鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田混合气的实质[J]. 石油勘探与开发， 2002,29(2):33-38. Chen Anding. Feature of mixed gas in the central gas field of Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002, 29(2):33-38.
[22] 陈安定，代金友，王文跃．靖边气田气藏特点、成因与成藏有利条件 [J]. 海相油气地质，2010,15(2):45-55. Chen Anding, Dai Jinyou, Wang Wenyue. Characteristics and origin of gas reservoirs and the favorable geological conditions in Jingbian Gasfield, Ordos Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2010,15(2):45-55.
[23] 谢增业，胡国艺，李剑，蒋助生，伍大茂，严启团．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系烃源岩有效性判识[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2002,29(2):29-32. Xie Zengye, Hu Guoyi, Li Jian, Jiang Zhusheng, Wu Damao, Yan Qituan. A study on validity identification of source rock by new experimental techniques for Ordovician in Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002,29(2): 29-32.
[24] 刘德汉，付金华，郑聪斌，肖贤明，米敬奎．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩生烃性能与中部长庆气田气源成因研究[J]. 地质学报， 2004,78(4):542-550. Liu Dehan, Fu Jinhua, Zheng Congbin, Xiao Xianming, Mi Jingkui. Research on hydrocarbon generation of Ordovician marine carbonatite of the Ordos Basin and genesis of Changqing Gas Fields[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2004,78(4):542-550.
[25] Dai Jinxing, Li Jian, Luo Xia, Zhang Wenzheng, Hu Guoyi, Ma Chenghua, et al . Stable carbon isotope compositions and source rock geochemistry of the giant gas accumulations in the Ordos Basin, China[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2005,36(12): 1617-1635.
[26] 涂建琪，董义国，南红丽，李成建，王晓梅，费轩冬, 等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组规模性有效烃源岩的发现及其地质意义[J]. 天然气工业，2016,36(5):15-24. Tu Jianqi, Dong Yiguo, Nan Hongli, Li Chengjian, Wang Xiaomei, Fei Xuandong, et al . Discovery of effective scale source rocks of the Ordovician Majiagou Fm in the Ordos Basin and its geological significance[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016, 36(5):15-24.
[27] 李伟，涂建琪，张静，张斌．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组自源型天然气聚集与潜力分析[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2017,44(4):521-530. Li Wei, Tu Jianqi, Zhang Jing, Zhang Bin. Accumulation and potential analysis of self-sourced natural gas in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation of Ordos Basin，N W China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2017,44(4):521-530.
[28] 刘文汇，王杰，腾格尔，秦建中，饶丹．中国海相层系多元生烃及其示踪技术[J]. 石油学报，2012,33( 增刊1):115-125. Liu Wenhui, Wang Jie, Tengger, Qin Jianzhong, Rao Dan. Hydrocarbon generation and tracing techniques of marine strata in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica，2012,33(S1):115-125.
[29] 刘文汇，赵恒，刘全有，周冰，张殿伟，王杰, 等．膏盐岩层系在海相油气成藏中的潜在作用[J]. 石油学报，2016,37(12):1451-1462. Liu Wenhui, Zhao Heng, Liu Quanyou, Zhou Bing, Zhang Dianwei, Wang Jie, et al . Potential role of gypsum-salt rock system in marine hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016,37(12):1451-1462.
[30] 刘文汇，腾格尔，王晓锋，黎茂稳，胡广，王杰, 等．中国海相碳酸盐岩层系有机质生烃理论新解[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2017,44(1): 155-164. Liu Wenhui, Tengger, Wang Xiaofeng, Li Maowen, Hu Guang, Wang Jie, et al . New knowledge of hydrocarbon generation theory of organic matter in Chinese marine carbonates[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(1):155-164.
[31] 张水昌，梁狄刚，张大江．关于古生界烃源岩有机质丰度的评价标准 [J]. 石油勘探与开发，2002,29(2):8-12. Zhang Shuichang, Liang Digang, Zhang Dajiang. Evaluation criteria for Paleozoic effective hydrocarbon source rocks[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002,29(2):8-12.
[32] 彭平安，刘大永，秦艳，于赤灵，张善文，隋凤贵，等．海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价的有机碳下限问题[J]. 地球化学，2008,37(4):415-422. Peng Ping’an, Liu Dayong, Qin Yan, Yu Chiling, Zhang Shanwen, Sui Fenggui, et al . Low limits of organic carbon content in carbonate as oil and gas source rocks[J]. Geochimica, 2008,37(4):415-422.
[33] 王兆云，赵文智，王云鹏．中国海相碳酸盐岩气源岩评价指标研究[J]. 自然科学进展，2004,14(11):1236-1243. Wang Zhaoyun, Zhao Wenzhi, Wang Yunpeng. Evaluation indicators for marine carbonate as gas source rock in China[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2004,14(11):1236-1243.
[34] 夏新宇，洪峰，赵林，张文正．鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩有机相类型及生烃潜力[J]. 沉积学报，1999,17(4):638-650. Xia Xinyu, Hong Feng, Zhao Lin, Zhang Wenzheng. Organic facies type and hydrocarbon potential of carbonates in Majiagou Formation, Lower Ordovician in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999,17(4):638-650.
[35] 胡安平，李剑，张文正，李志生，侯路，刘全有．鄂尔多斯盆地上、下古生界和中生界天然气地球化学特征及成因类型对比[J]. 中国科学 D 辑：地球科学，2007,37( 增刊Ⅱ ):157-166. Hu Anping, Li Jian, Zhang Wenzheng, Li Zhisheng, Hou Lu, Liu Quanyou. Geochemical characteristics and genetic types of natural gas in the upper, lower Paleozoic and Mesozoic of Ordos Basin[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences， 2007,37(SⅡ):157-166.
[36] 杨华，包洪平，马占荣．侧向供烃成藏—鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系膏盐下天然气成藏新认识[J]. 天然气工业，2014,34(4):19-26. Yang Hua, Bao Hongping, Ma Zhanrong. Reservoir-forming by lateral supply of hydrocarbon: A new understanding of the formation of Ordovician gas reservoirs accumulation under gypsolyte in the Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(4):19-26.
[37] 李艳红，王升宝，常丽萍．饱和蒸气压测定方法的评述[J]. 煤化工， 2006,(5):44-47,57. Li Yanhong, Wang Shengbao, Chang Liping. A review on the measurement of saturated vapor pressure[J]. Coal Chemical Industry，2006,(5):44-47,57.