裂隆耦合控藏——碳酸盐岩台地内边缘礁滩大气田成藏模式

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过解剖四川盆地高石梯震旦系灯影组边缘礁滩大气藏、开江—梁平海槽两侧二叠系—三叠系边缘礁滩大气藏以及塔里木盆地塔中I 号奥陶系边缘礁滩大气藏的形成与演化，分析碳酸盐岩台地内边缘礁滩大气藏的成藏主控因素，构建成藏模式，形成勘探思路。四川盆地、塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩台地内裂隆耦合发育形成的隆坳构造格局及其发展演化，不仅控制了烃源岩、礁滩体以及岩溶优质储层的空间展布，而且控制了生储盖的空间组合关系，最终决定了边缘礁滩体大气田的形成，即裂隆耦合控源、控相、控储、控藏。裂陷槽控制优质烃源岩的空间展布，从而形成生烃中心；槽隆接合部位的坡折带控制礁滩体的发育及空间展布，从而形成沿坡折带走向发育的带状礁滩优势相带；裂隆的沉降抬升演化可以导致多期多类型的岩溶作用，从而在边缘礁滩相带上叠加形成优质缝洞型岩溶储层。碳酸盐岩台地内边缘礁滩体大气藏的形成可以概括为裂隆耦合构造格局形成、裂隆耦合礁滩建造、裂隆耦合岩溶建储、裂隆耦合盖层建造、边缘礁滩体成油和边缘礁滩体成气调整改造等6 个阶段。对于碳酸盐岩台地内边缘礁滩体大气藏，应采取“定槽（源）、选隆、探礁滩”的勘探思路。

关键词: 四川盆地, 塔里木盆地, 碳酸盐岩台地, 边缘礁滩, 裂隆耦合, 成藏模式

Abstract: By analyzing formation and evolution processes of major gas reservoirs in marginal reefs of Sinian Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti Area of the Sichuan Basin, in Permian —Triassic marginal reefs on both sides of the Kaijiang-Liangping Marine Trench and in Ordovician marginal reefsin Tazhong-I slope-break belt of the Tarim Basin, reservoir formation modes and major controlling factors for large-scale gas reservoirs in marginal reefsof carbonate tablelandhave been studied to establish reliable foundation for exploration works. Within the Sichuan Basin and the Tarim Basin, structural patterns generated by joint development of faults and uplifts in carbonate tableland and their evolution controlled not only spatial distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks, reefs and high-quality reservoir formations in karst formations, but also spatial combination of generation, preservation and capping formations. Eventually, these structural patterns may determine the formation of large-scale gas fields in marginal reefs. In other words, joint development of faults and uplifts may control sources, phases, preservation and reserves in relevant reservoirs. Aulacogen may control spatial distribution of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks to form hydrocarbongeneration center; Slope break belts around joint sections of faults and uplifts may control development and spatial distribution of reefs. Consequently, favorable reef belts developed along such slope-break belts may be formed; Subsidence and uplifting of faults and uplifts may generatekarstification of various types in different phases. Consequently, high-quality karst reservoir formations of fracture-cavity type can be formed on such marginal reefs. Generally speaking, formation of large-scale gas reservoirs in marginal reefs of carbonate tableland can be divided into 6 stages: formation of structural patterns with joint development of faults and uplifts, formation of reef structures, formation of capping formations, formation of oil reservoirs in marginal reefsand formation of gas reservoirs in such marginal reefs. To explore large-scale gas reservoirs in marginal reefsof carbonate tablelandprinciples with “Identification of trench (source), selection of uplifts and exploration of reefs” shall be followed.

Key words: Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin, carbonatetableland, marginal reefs, joint development of faults and uplifts, reservoir-formation mode

中图分类号:

易立, 刘震. 裂隆耦合控藏——碳酸盐岩台地内边缘礁滩大气田成藏模式[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(1): 44-52.

Yi Li, Liu Zhen. Joint control over reservoirs by faults and uplifts: formation of large-scale gas[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(1): 44-52.

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