基于经济效益评价的页岩油水平井加密调整参数优化——以鄂尔多斯盆地XAB油田长7页岩油藏为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地XAB油田位于陕西省定边县境内，主要目的层为上三叠统延长组长7段，长7页岩油藏储层致密，且广泛发育高角度天然裂缝。该页岩油藏自2011年以来采用水平井滚动建产和开发，存在采出程度低和采油速度低的问题。近年来，为探索页岩油高效开发方式，在水平井开发区开展井间加密调整试验，取得较好的增油效果。根据前期加密调整试验认识，在充分考虑研究区天然裂缝特征的基础上，建立“基质—裂缝”双重介质数值模型，对不同生产年限的水平井开发区开展加密调整参数优化研究，研究的主要参数为加密时机、布缝方式、水平井井距和水力裂缝半长。共设计76套加密调整方案，模拟计算评价期内各方案累计产油量，利用财务现金流方法，计算不同方案的财务净现值率并排序优选出具有经济效益的方案。研究结果表明：（1）随着水平井区生产年限的延长，在水平井井间进行加密的效果会减弱。（2）水平井交错布缝方式要优于对称布缝方式。（3）不同加密时机条件下，最优加密调整参数也不相同：加密时机为2～10年时，最优加密井距为260m，最优水力裂缝半长为140～180m。以此为依据，对XAB油田长7页岩油藏水平井开发区开展水平井加密调整设计，加密调整后，采收率和净现值率预计分别提升1.05%和0.013，在有效改善页岩油开发效果的同时获得了良好经济效益。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 长7页岩油藏, 页岩油, 水平井, 天然裂缝特征, 加密调整, 加密时机, 交错布缝, 参数优化, 经济效益

Abstract: XAB Oilfield in Ordos Basin is located in Dingbian, Shaanxi Province. The main target layer is the shale interval in the seventh member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang 7 member), with tight shale reservoir and high-angle fractures widely developed. Since 2011, rolling capacity construction and development by horizontal wells have been applied to produce the shale oil reservoir, which have the problem of low oil recovery degree and low production rate. In recent years, in order to research the high-efficiency shale oil development mode, tests of inter-well infill adjustment in horizontal well development zone have been conducted, and good results have been achieved in increasing oil production. Based on understanding of infill adjustment tests in the early stage, a “matrix-fracture” dual medium numerical model is established by fully considering the natural fracture features in the study area, and the infill adjustment parameters are optimized for horizontal well development zones with various production years, with the main parameters including infill timing, hydraulic fracture layout, horizontal well spacing and half-length of hydraulic fractures. A total of 76 infill adjustment schemes are designed to simulate and calculate the cumulative oil production of various schemed during the evaluation period. Furthermore, the financial net present value ratio is calculated and the economically beneficial schemes are ranked and optimally selected by using the financial cash flow method. The study results show that: (1) The longer the production period of the horizontal well development zone, the poorer results of infill wells. (2) The staggered layout pattern is better than the symmetrical layout pattern of hydraulic fractures. (3) The optimal infill adjustment parameters vary given the different infill timings. When the infill timing is 2-10 years, the optimal infill well spacing is 260 m, and the optimal half-length of the hydraulic fracture ranges in 140-180 m. On this basis, the horizontal infill adjustment design for Chang 7 member shale oil in horizontal well development zone in XBA Oilfield is conducted. After infill adjustment, the oil recovery factor and net present value ratio are expected to increase by 1.05% and 0.013 respectively, which supports to improve the shale oil development results and achieve good economic benefits.

中图分类号:

TE313.4

杨晋玉, 陈晓平, 李超, 郑奎, 张宝娟, 陈春恒. 基于经济效益评价的页岩油水平井加密调整参数优化——以鄂尔多斯盆地XAB油田长7页岩油藏为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2023, 28(4): 129-138.

Yang Jinyu, Chen Xiaoping, Li Chao, Zheng Kui, Zhang Baojuan, Chen Chunheng. Optimization of infill adjustment parameters of horizontal shale oil wells based on economic benefit evaluation: a case study of shale oil reservoir in the seventh member of Yanchang Formation in XAB Oilfield, Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2023, 28(4): 129-138.

参考文献

[1] 付金华，李士祥，牛小兵，等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系长7段页岩油地质特征与勘探实践[J].石油勘探与开发，2020,47(5):870-882.
Fu Jinhua, Li Shixiang, Niu Xiaobing, et al. Geological characteristics and exploration of shale oil in Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020,47(5):870-883.
[2] 杨华，邓秀芹.构造事件对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水砂岩沉积的影响[J].石油勘探与开发，2013,40(5):513-519.
Yang Hua, Deng Xiuqin. Deposition of Yanchang Formation deep-water sandstone under the control of tectonic events,Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40(5):513-519.
[3] 陈作，刘红磊，李英杰，等. 国内外页岩油储层改造技术现状及发展建议[J].石油钻探技术，2021,49(4):1-7.
Chen Zuo, Liu Honglei, Li Yingjie, et al. The current status and development suggestions for shale oil reservoir stimulation at home and abroad[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques，2021, 49(4):1-7.
[4] 焦方正.陆相低压页岩油体积开发理论技术及实践：以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段页岩油为例[J].天然气地球科学，2021,32(6):836-844.
Jiao Fangzheng. Theoretical technologies and practices concerning“volume development”of low pressure continental shale oil：case study of shale oil in Chang 7 member，Ordos Basin，China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021,32(6):836-844.
[5] 张益，卜向前，齐银，等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长7段页岩油藏地质工程一体化油藏开发对策：以安83井区为例[J].中国石油勘探，2022,27(5):116-129.
Zhang Yi, Bu Xiangqian, Qi Yin, et al. Geology and engineering integrated development countermeasures of Chang 7 member shale oil reservoir in Jiyuan Oilfield, Ordos Basin: a case study of An 83 well block[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022,27(5):116-129.
[6] 刘建，谢启超，樊建明，等.超低渗透油藏水平井线注线采能量补充方法探索[J].石油科技论坛，2022,41(2):39-44.
Liu Jian, Xie Qichao, Fan Jianming, et al. Research on line injection and line production energy supplement method for horizontal wells of ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2022,41(2):39-44.
[7] 高占武，杨林锦，杨学峰，等．低渗透油藏加密井评价与加密技术界限计算方法：以鄂尔多斯盆地盘古梁长6油藏为例[J]．科学技术与工程，2021,21(20):8321-8328.
Gao Zhanwu, Yang Linjin, Yang Xuefeng, et al．Evaluation of infill wells and calculation method of infilling technology standard in low permeability reservoir: taking the Panguliang Chang 6 reservoir in the Ordos Basin as an example[J]．Science Technology and Engineering, 2021,21(20):8321-8328.
[8] 张意超，陈民锋，屈丹，等.X油田特低渗透油藏井网加密效果预测方法[J].岩性油气藏，2020,32(1):144-151.
Zhang Yichao，Chen Minfeng，Qu Dan，et al. Prediction method of well pattern infilling effect for ultra-low permeability reservoir in X Oilfield[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs，2020,32(1): 144-151.
[9] 李凯凯，安然，岳潘东，等.安83区页岩油水平井大规模蓄能体积压裂技术[J].石油钻探技术，2021,49(4):125-129.
Li Kaikai, An Ran, Yue Pandong, et al. Large-scale energy storage volumetric fracturing technology for horizontal wells in the An 83 shale oil reservoir[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques，2021,49(4):125-129.
[10] 梁成钢，陈昊枢，徐田录，等.页岩油藏多段压裂水平井井距优化研究：以新疆吉木萨尔油田为例[J].陕西科技大学学报，2020,38(3):25-129.
Liang Chenggang, Chen Haoshu, Xu Tianlu, et al. Spacing optimization of multiple fractured horizontal well in shale oil reservoirs: a case study from Xinjiang Jimusar Oilfield[J]. Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 2020,38(3):125-129.
[11] 邓秀芹，付金华，姚泾利，等.鄂尔多斯盆地中及上三叠统延长组沉积相与油气勘探的突破[J].古地理学报，2011,13(4):443-455.
Deng Xiuqin, Fu Jinhua, Yao Jingli, et al. Sedimentary facies of the Middle－Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin and breakthrough in petroleum exploration[J]. Journal Of Palaeogeography, 2011,13(4):443-455.
[12] 郭艳琴，惠磊，张秀能，等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组沉积体系特征及湖盆演化[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版)，2018,48(4): 593-602.
Guo Yanqin, Hui Lei, Zhang Xiuneng, et al. Sedimentary system characteristics and lake basin evolution of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2018,48(4):593-602.
[13] 付金华，刘显阳，李士祥，等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段页岩油勘探发现与资源潜力[J].中国石油勘探，2021,26(5):1-11.
Fu Jinhua, Liu Xianyang, Li Shixiang, et al. Discovery and resource potential of shale oil of Chang 7 member, Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(5):1-11.
[14] 付金华，董国栋，周新平，等.鄂尔多斯盆地油气地质研究进展与勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探，2021,26(3):19-40.
Fu Jinhua, Dong Guodong, Zhou Xinping, et al. Research progress of petroleum geology and exploration technology in Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(3):19-40.
[15] 王金月，鞠玮，申建，等.鄂尔多斯盆地定边地区延长组长71储层构造裂缝分布预测[J].地质与勘探，2016,52(5):966-973.
Wang Jinyue, Ju Wei, Shen Jian, et al. Quantitative Prediction of Tectonic Fracture Distribution in the Chang 71 reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation in the Dingbian area，Ordos Basin[J].Geology And Exploration, 2016,52(5):966-973.
[16] 刘格云，黄臣军，周新桂，等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组裂缝发育程度定量评价[J].石油勘探与开发，2015,42(4):444-453.
Liu Geyun, Huang Chenjun, Zhou Xingui, et al. Quantitative evaluation of fracture development in Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China[J]．Petroleum Exploration And Development, 2015,42(4):444-453.
[17] 樊建明，屈雪峰，王冲，等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密储集层天然裂缝分布特征及有效裂缝预测新方法[J].石油勘探与开发，2016,43(5):740-747.
Fan Jianming, Qu Xuefeng, Wang Chong, et al. Natural fracture distribution and a new method predicting effective fractures in tight oil reservoirs of Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration And Development, 2016,43(5):740-747.
[18] 姚军，王子胜，张允，等.天然裂缝性油藏的离散裂缝网络数值模拟方法[J].石油学报，2010,31(2):284-287.
Yao Jun, Wang Zisheng, Zhang Yun, et al. Numerical si mulation method of discrete fracture net work for naturally fractured reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010,31(2):284-287.
[19] 陈晓平，张宝娟，陈小东，等.非常规油田开发产量和投资极限指标评价模型建立及应用[J].油气与新能源，2022,34(5):116-121.
Chen Xiaoping, Zhao Baojuan, Chen Xiaodong, et al. Establishment and Application of the Evaluation Models on the Development and Investment Limit Indicator of Unconventional Oil Field[J]. Petroleum and New Energy, 2022,34(5):116-121.
[20] 李彦兴，韩令春，董平川，等.低渗透率油藏水平井经济极限研究[J].石油学报，2009,30(2):242-246.
Li Yanxing, Han Lingchun, Dong Pingchuan, et al. Study on economic limits for horizontal well in low-permeability reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009,30(2):242-246.
[21] 宋新民，曲德斌，邹存友.低油价常态下中国油田开发低成本战略[J].石油勘探与开发，2021,48(4): 869-878.
Song Xinmin, Qu Debin, Zou Cunyou. Low cost development strategy for oilfields in China under low oil prices[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021,48(4):869-878.
[22] 吴昊镪，彭小龙，朱苏阳，等.基于数值模拟法与油藏开发经营一体化思想的页岩油藏经济决策研究[J].油气藏评价与开发，2021, 11(3):404-413.
Wu Haoqiang, Peng Xiaolong, Zhu Suyang, et al. Economic decision of shale reservoir based on numerical simulation and integration[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021,11(3):404-413.