滨里海盆地南缘含沥青碳酸盐岩储层评价及油气地质意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.06.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 滨里海盆地南缘石炭纪孤立碳酸盐台地是哈萨克斯坦里海海域重要勘探目标。本文选取具有代表性的K油藏作为研究对象，综合岩石薄片、地球化学、测井及地质资料，系统评价了石炭纪维宪阶至巴什基尔阶含沥青碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气地质意义。研究表明，沥青分布受控于高能台缘开放缝洞系统与构造—成岩作用，台内孤立孔隙基本无沥青。针对沥青富集导致测井孔隙度被高估这一问题，创新构建了基于沥青物理相态约束的多矿物定量反演模型，将沥青作为固态有机矿物组分进行定量表征，实现了沥青含量的精确计算，显著提升孔隙度解释精度（平均误差降低20%）。地球化学指标（T_max 介于452～461℃，I_H<130mg/g（HC/TOC）表明沥青为高温热裂解与可能的TSR蚀变共同作用的产物，其形成可能与海西期区域性构造—热事件背景下的局部热异常有关。巴什基尔阶高丰度沥青带是古油藏裂解残留的标志，主要分布于台缘高孔高渗带。沥青赋存底界揭示古油水界面深于现今油水界面，油藏维宪阶储层单元深度以下的储集空间系统指示了深部原生油气藏保存潜力区。本研究阐明了沥青对古油藏位置和储层非均质性的指示意义，为含沥青碳酸盐岩储层精细评价及深层油气勘探提供了新思路。

关键词: 沥青, 测井评价, 古油藏, 碳酸盐台地, 滨里海盆地

Abstract: The isolated Carboniferous carbonate platform in the southern margin of Pre-Caspian Basin is an important exploration target in the Caspian Sea area, Kazakhstan. Taking the representative K oil reservoir as the study object, thin sections, geochemical, logging, and geological data have been comprehensively used to evaluate the characteristics and oil and gas geological significance of the Carboniferous Visean–Bashkirian bitumen bearing carbonate reservoirs. The study results show that the distribution of bitumen was controlled by the open fracture system in high-energy platform margin and tectonic–diagenetic processes, while it was basically absent in the isolated pores in the platform zone. In response to the problem of overestimation of logging interpreted porosity caused by bitumen enrichment, a multi mineral quantitative inversion model constrained by bitumen physical phase has innovatively been constructed, in which bitumen is quantitatively characterized as a solid organic mineral component, achieving accurate calculation of bitumen content and significantly improving the accuracy of porosity interpretation (reducing average error by 20%). The geochemical indicators (T_max of 452–461 ℃, I_H<130 mg/g (HC/TOC)) indicate that bitumen was a product of high-temperature thermal cracking and possible TSR alteration, and its genesis might be related to local thermal anomalies in the context of regional tectonic–thermal events in the Hercynian period. The Bashkirian high abundance bitumen zone is a sign of the residual oil reservoir after cracking, which is mainly distributed in the high porosity and high permeability zone in the platform margin. The bottom boundary of bitumen occurrence reveals that the ancient oil-water contact is deeper than the current value, and the storage space system below the Visean oil reservoir unit indicates the potential preservation zone of deep primary oil reservoirs. This study elucidates the indicative significance of bitumen on the location of paleo oil reservoirs and reservoir heterogeneity, providing new ideas for fine evaluation of bitumen bearing carbonate reservoirs and petroleum exploration in deep formations.

Key words: bitumen, logging evaluation, paleo oil reservoir, carbonate platform, Pre-Caspian Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

侯珏, 窦立荣, 赵伦, 王进财, 曾行, 何聪鸽. 滨里海盆地南缘含沥青碳酸盐岩储层评价及油气地质意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(6): 70-81.

Hou Jue, Dou Lirong, Zhao Lun, Wang Jincai, Zeng Xing, He Congge. Evaluation of bitumen bearing carbonate reservoirs in the southern margin of Pre-Caspian Basin and its geological significance[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(6): 70-81.

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