滨里海盆地东缘盐下油气成藏特征与主控因素

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.04.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 滨里海盆地盐下油气资源十分丰富，是世界重要的油气产地。盆地东缘受古隆起和乌拉尔造山运动双重影响，油气成藏控制因素复杂。通过分析油气成藏要素特点和成藏模式，提出油气成藏主控因素。盆地东缘油气成藏与乌拉尔洋俯冲—消减—关闭的过程密切相关，这一过程产生的古裂谷、古隆起控制了油气藏的形成。古裂谷控制生烃中心，裂谷作用产生的断裂成为油气运移主通道；古隆起控制早期碳酸盐台地形成及其上优质储层发育，同时也是油气聚集的重要指向区；乌拉尔造山运动控制后期碳酸盐台地形成，乌拉尔造山带及其他海西期造山带使盆地演化为封闭海环境，形成全盆地分布的空谷阶盐岩优质盖层，碰撞造山过程产生的断裂形成断层相关圈闭、改善储层性能及导致油气二次成藏。

关键词: 滨里海盆地, 东缘, 乌拉尔, 盐下, 控制因素, 油气成藏

Abstract: The Precaspian Basin, which is rich in sub-salt petroleum resources, is a globally important oil and gas producing area. The controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern margin of the basin are complex, where it has been affected by paleo-uplift and by the Uralian orogeny. In this paper, the principal controlling factors of oil and gas accumulation in the eastern margin of the basin are identified according to analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation factors and accumulation models. Hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern margin of the basin is closely related to the processes of subduction, subtraction, and closure of the Ural ocean. These processes formed paleo-rifts and paleo-uplifts which controlled the formation of oil and gas reservoirs. Paleo-rifts controlled the hydrocarbon generation centers. Faults formed by rifting became the primary pathways for oil and gas migration. Paleo-uplifts controlled the formation of early carbonate platform and the development of high-quality reservoirs, which are also important directional areas for oil and gas accumulation. The Uralian orogeny controlled the formation of later carbonate platform. The Uralian and other Hercynian orogenic belts created the conditions for the evolution of the basin into a restricted marine environment, forming high-quality salt caprocks in the Kungurian stage which are distributed across the whole basin. Faults generated during the collision orogeny formed fault-related traps, improved reservoir performance, and led to secondary hydrocarbon accumulation.

中图分类号:

梁爽, 吴亚东, 王燕琨, 王震, 盛善波. 滨里海盆地东缘盐下油气成藏特征与主控因素[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(4): 125-132.

Liang Shuang, Wu Yadong, Wang Yankun, Wang Zhen, Sheng Shanbo. Characteristics and principal controlling factors of sub-salt oil and gas accumulation in the eastern margin of the Precaspian Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(4): 125-132.

参考文献

[1] 马克西莫夫С П．深层油气藏的形成与分布[M]. 胡征钦，译．北京: 石油工业出版社，1988. Maximerv С П. Deep reservoir formation and distribution[M]. Translated by Hu Zhengqin.Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press， 1988.
[2] 刘洛夫，朱毅秀，胡爱梅，等．滨里海盆地盐下层系的油气地质特征[J]. 西南石油学院学报，2002,24(3):11-15. Liu Luofu, Zhu Yixiu, Hu Aimei, et al . Petroleum geology of pre-salt sediments in the Precaspian Basin [J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University, 2002,24(3):11-15.
[3] 王连岱，沈仁福．滨里海盆地石油地质特征及勘探方向分析[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发，2004,23(2):17-18. Wang Liandai, Shen Renfu.Analysis of petroleum geological characteristics and exploration direction of Precaspian Basin[J]. Daqing Petroleum Geology and Development, 2004,23(2):17-18.
[4] 钱桂华．哈萨克斯坦滨里海盆地油气地质特征及勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探，2005,10(5):60-66． Qian Guihua. Oil-gas geological features and its exploration direction in marginal Precaspian Basin, Kazakhstan[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2005,10(5):60-66.
[5] 陈荣林，叶德燎，徐文明．滨里海盆地与塔里木盆地油气地质特征的类比[J]. 中国西部油气地质，2006,2(3):261-266. Chen Ronglin，Ye Deliao, Xu Wenming．Comparison of geological characteristics between the Precaspian Basin and the Tarim Basin[J]. West China Petroleum Geosciences, 2006,2(3):261-266.
[6] 张淮，饶轶群，张挺军，等．哈萨克斯坦滨里海盆地盐下层系油气成藏组合特征及勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探，2007,12(1):81-86. Zhang Huai, Rao Yiqun, Zhang Tingjun, et al .Characteristics and exploration directions of hydrocarbon accumulation and combination of subsalt formations in Precaspian Basin of Kazakhstan[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2007,12(1):81-86.
[7] 刘洛夫，朱毅秀．滨里海盆地及中亚地区油气地质特征[M]．北京：中石化出版社，2007. Liu Luofu, Zhu Yixiu. Petroleum geology characteristics of Precaspian Basin and Central Asia[M].Beijing: China Petrochemical Press, 2007.
[8] 徐传会，钱桂华，张建球，等．滨里海盆地油气地质特征与成藏组合[M]. 北京：石油工业出版社，2008. Xu Chuanhui,Qian Guihua,Zhang Jianqiu, et al . Geological characteristics and reservoir-forming assemblages, Marginal Caspian Basin[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press，2008.
[9] 郑俊章，周海燕，黄先雄．哈萨克斯坦地区石油地质基本特征及勘探潜力分析[J]. 中国石油勘探，2009,14(2):80-86. Zheng Junzhang, Zhou Haiyan, Huang Xianxiong. Basic characteristics of petroleum geology and exploration potential analysis in Kazakhstan[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2009, 14(2):80-86.
[10] 金之钧，王骏，张生根，等．滨里海盆地盐下油气成藏主控因素及勘探方向[J]．石油实验地质，2007,29(2):111-115． Jin Zhijun, Wang Jun, Zhang Shenggen, et al . Main factors controlling hydrocarbon reservoirs and exploration directions in the pre-salt sequence in Precaspian Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2007,29(2):111-115.
[11] 刘东周，窦立荣，郝银全，等．滨里海盆地东部盐下成藏主控因素及勘探思路[J]．海相油气地质，2004,9(1-2):53-58. Liu Dongzhou, Dou Lirong, Hao Yinquan, et al .Main controlling factors and exploration ideas of subsalt accumulation in the east of Precaspian Basin[J]. Marine Petroleum Geology, 2004,9(1-2):53-58.
[12] 徐可强．滨里海盆地东缘中区块油气成藏特征和勘探实践[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2011． Xu Keqiang. Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration experience of central block in the eastern margin of Precaspian Basin [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2011.
[13] 梁爽，王燕琨，金树堂，等．滨里海盆地构造演化对油气的控制作用[J]．石油实验地质，2013,35(2):174-178． Liang Shuang, Wang Yankun, Jin Shutang, et al . Controlling of tectonic evolution on hydrocarbon occurrence in Precaspian Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2013,35(2):174-178．
[14] 梁爽，郑俊章，张玉攀．滨里海盆地东南缘晚古生代碳酸盐岩台地特征及控制因素[J]．地质科技情报，2013,32(3):52-58． Liang Shuang, Zheng Junzhang, Zhang Yupan. Characteristics and control factors of late Paleozoic carbonate platform in the southeast part of Precaspian Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2013,32(3):52-58．
[15] Yensepbayev T, Izart A, Joltaev G, et al . Geochemical characterization of source rocks and oils from the eastern part of the Precaspian and Pre-Uralian Basins (Kazakhstan): palaeoenvironmental and palaeothermal interpretation[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2010,41:242-262.
[16] 赵中平，牟小清，陈丽．滨里海盆地东缘石炭系碳酸盐岩储集层主要成岩作用及控制因素分析[J]. 现代地质，2009,29(5):828-834. Zhao Zhongping, Mou Xiaoqing, Chen Li. Analysis of main diagenesis and controlling factors of Carboniferous carbonate reservoirs in the Eastern Margin of Precaspian Basin[J]. Geoscience，2009,29(5):828-834.
[17] 赵中平，邓宏文，刘慧峰．肯基亚克油田石炭纪孤立碳酸盐台地边缘的储层特征及分类评价[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质，2011,31(2):111-119. Zhao Zhongping, Deng Hongwen, Liu Huifeng. The characteristics， classification and appraisal of the reservoirs at carboniferous isolated carbonate platform margin in Kenjiyak oil field[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology，2011,31(2):111-119.
[18] 石新，程绪彬，汪娟，等．滨里海盆地东缘石炭系KT-Ⅰ油层组白云岩地球化学特征[J]. 古地理学报，2012,14(6):777-785. Shi Xin，Cheng Xubin，Wang Juan，et al . Geochemical characteristics of the Carboniferous KT－Ⅰ interval dolostone in the Eastern Margin of Precaspian Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography，2012,14(6):777-785.
[19] 郭凯，程晓东，范乐元，等．滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦地区白云岩特征及其储层发育机制[J]. 沉积学报，2016,34(4):747-757. Guo Kai, Cheng Xiaodong, Fan Leyuan, et al . Characteristics and development mechanism of dolomite reservoirs in North Truva in the Eastern Margin of Precaspian Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica. 2016,34(4):747-757.
[20] 王瑞，朱筱敏，陈烨菲，等．滨里海盆地肯基亚克地区中、下石炭统碳酸盐岩储层特征与成岩作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2012,33(2): 225-235. Wang Rui, Zhu Xiaomin, Chen Yefei, et al . Diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of the Lower-Middle Carboniferous carbonates in Kenkyak area,Precaspian Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology，2012,33(2):225-235.
[21] 刘洛夫，朱毅秀，熊正祥，等．滨里海盆地的岩相古地理特征及其演化[J]. 古地理学报，2003,5(3):279-290. Liu Luofu, Zhu Yixiu, Xiong Zhengxiang, et al . Characteristics and evolution of lithofacies palaeogeography in Precaspian Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography，2003,5(3):279-290.
[22] 金树堂，郑俊章，于炳松．滨里海盆地东缘晚古生代层序地层与沉积相[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2016． Jin Shutang, Zheng Junzhang, Yu Bingsong. Late Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies in the eastern margin of Precaspian Basin[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2016.
[23] Абилхасимов Х Б. Типизация разрезов подсолевого комплелса восточного борта прикаспийской впадины[J]. геология нефти и газа，2003,4:32-38.
[24] 蔚远江，杨涛，郭彬程，等．前陆冲断带油气资源潜力、勘探领域分析与有利区带优选[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(1):46-59. Yu Yuanjiang, Yang Tao, Guo Bincheng, et al . Oil and gas resources potentials, exploration fields and favorable zones in foreland thrust belts[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(1):46-59.
[25] 李剑，佘源琦，高阳，等．中国陆上深层—超深层天然气勘探领域及潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(4):403-417. Li Jian, She Yuanqi, Gao Yang, et al . Onshore deep and ultra-deep natural gas exploration fields and potentials in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(4):403-417.
[26] 王珂，张荣虎，方晓刚，等．超深层裂缝—孔隙型致密砂岩储层特征与属性建模——以库车坳陷克深8 气藏为例[J]. 中国石油勘探， 2018,23(6):87-96. Wang Ke, Zhang Ronghu, Fang Xiaogang, et al . Characteristics and property modeling of ultra-deep fractured-porous tight sandstone reservoir: a case study on the Keshen 8 gas reservoir in Kuqa depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2018, 23(6):87-96.
[27] 杜金虎，田军，李国欣，等．库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带的战略突破与前景展望[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(1):16-22. Du Jinhu, Tian Jun, Li Guoxin, et al . Strategic breakthrough and prospect of Qiulitag structural belt in Kuqa depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(1):16-22.
[28] 李谨，王超，李剑，等．库车坳陷北部迪北段致密油气来源与勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(4):485-497. Li Jin, Wang Chao, Li Jian, et al . Source and exploration direction of tight oil and gas in the Dibei section of northern Kuqa depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(4): 485-497.
[29] 李鹭光，何海清，范土芝，等．中国石油油气勘探进展与上游业务发展战略[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(1):1-10. Li Luguang, He Haiqing, Fan Tuzhi, et al . Oil and gas exploration progress and upstream development strategy of PetroChina[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(1):1-10.
[30] 赵伦，李建新，李孔绸，等．复杂碳酸盐岩储集层裂缝发育特征及形成机制——以哈萨克斯坦让纳若尔油田为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发， 2010,37(3):304-309. Zhao Lun, Li Jianxin, Li Kongchou, et al . Development and genetic mechanism of complex carbonate reservoir fractures: a case from the Zanarol Oilfield, Kazakhstan[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2010,37(3):304-309.
[31] 李长海，赵伦，李建新，等．滨里海盆地东缘构造缝形成期次及低角度构造缝成因[J]. 特种油气藏，2019,26(3):56-61. Li Changhai, Zhao Lun, Li Jianxin, et al . Structural fracture formation stages in the eastern margin of the Caspian Basin and genesis of low － angle structural fracture[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019,26(3):56-61.
[32] 杨孝群，汤良杰，朱勇．滨里海盆地东缘盐构造特征及其与乌拉尔造山运动关系[J]. 高校地质学报，2011,17(2):318-326. Yang Xiaoqun, Tang Liangjie, Zhu Yong. Salt structures in the eastern margin of Precaspian Basin and their relationship with Ural Orogeny[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2011,17(2):318-326.
[33] 赵凤英，顾俊，郭念发．滨里海盆地Adaiski 区块盐下沉积环境与成藏组合分析[J]. 中国石油勘探，2007,12(5):71-75. Zhao Fengying, Gu Jun, Guo Nianfa. Analysis of subsalt sedimentary environment and hydrocarbon accumulation combination in Adaiski block of Precaspian Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2007,12(5):71-75.