中东鲁卜哈利盆地白垩纪构造演化的沉积响应及对石油勘探启示

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国石油天然气集团有限公司（简称CNPC）在中东地区多个大型油田项目主力产层均为白垩系，新特提斯洋的演化影响了中东白垩系成藏组合沉积格局和成藏规律。通过鲁卜哈利盆地白垩纪区域构造演化、构造—沉积特征的解剖，认为该区主要经历了两个构造—沉积演化阶段，发育3 套成藏组合：①早—中白垩世稳定扩张阶段，发育了Bab 和Shilaif 两期陆架内盆地，受断层活动和地层挠曲影响，沉积环境经历了碳酸盐缓坡向弱镶边型台地的演化。高频海平面的变化进一步控制了生、储、盖各地质要素的空间配置，形成了中、下白垩统两套自生自储型成藏组合。②晚白垩世洋壳仰冲阶段，沉积环境以碳酸盐缓坡为主，阿曼山隆升造成白垩系剥蚀严重，促使Shilaif 组烃源岩与上白垩统储层之间相互配置，形成了上白垩统下生上储型成藏组合。白垩系油藏展布主要受优质烃源灶、古地貌高及油气优势运移通道三大因素控制，非构造目标及低渗透油资源将是白垩系未来的勘探领域和方向。

关键词: 鲁卜哈利盆地；白垩系成藏组合；构造&mdash, 沉积特征；新特提斯洋；陆架内盆地；阿曼造山

Abstract: Cretaceous strata form the main production layers of a number of large CNPC oil field projects in the Middle East. The evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean influenced the sedimentary pattern and accumulation laws of Cretaceous source-reservoir-cap assemblages throughout the area. Based on analysis of regional tectonic evolution in the Cretaceous, and on the structural- sedimentary characteristics of the Rub Al Khali Basin, it is believed that the area has experienced two stages of tectonic- sedimentary evolution and that there are three sets of source-reservoir-cap assemblages. (1) During a stable expansion stage in the Early-Middle Cretaceous, two stages of intra-shelf basins were developed; the Bab and the Shilaif. Influenced by faults activity and strata flexure, the sedimentary environment evolved from carbonate ramp to weakly-rimmed platform. High frequency sea level changes further controlled the spatial allocation of the geological elements-source rocks, reservoirs, and cap rocks-forming two sets of “self-generation and self-storage” plays in the Middle and Lower Cretaceous. (2) In an oceanic-crust obduction stage in the Late Cretaceous, the sedimentary environment was primarily carbonate ramp. The Oman orogeny resulted in serious denudation of the Cretaceous strata. This resulted in configurations of source rocks in the Shilaif Formation and reservoirs in the Upper Cretaceous that formed “lower generation and upper storage” plays in the Upper Cretaceous. The distribution of Cretaceous oil reservoirs is controlled by three major factors: high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks, high paleo- geomorphology, and dominant oil and gas migration pathways. In the future, non-structural traps and low-permeability oil resources will be the primary Cretaceous exploration targets.

中图分类号:

罗贝维, 张庆春, 段海岗, 吕明胜, 卞从胜, 张宁宁, 杨沛广, 王鼐. 中东鲁卜哈利盆地白垩纪构造演化的沉积响应及对石油勘探启示[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(4): 115-124.

Luo Beiwei, Zhang Qingchun, Duan Haigang, Lv Mingsheng, Bian Congsheng, Zhang Ningning, Yang Peiguang, Wang Nai. Sedimentary response of Cretaceous tectonic evolution in the Middle East Rub Al Khali Basin and its inspirations for oil exploration[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(4): 115-124.

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