加拿大白桦地致密气超长小井眼水平井优快钻井技术

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 钻井成本占非常规油气建井成本的40%～50%，降低钻井成本对节约建井成本、提高开发效益至关重要。文章深入介绍加拿大白桦地项目中深层优快钻井技术，为国内非常规油气水平井钻井降本增效提供技术参考。具体如下：采用二开井身结构，一开φ222.3mm井眼下φ177.8mm套管，二开φ159.0mm井眼下φ114.3mm套管，水平段长2200～3500m；采用批钻方式，重复利用钻井液，一开2h内开钻，二开1天内开钻；采用勺形井眼轨迹，考虑防碰、提速、降摩阻、减少靶前距增加储层动用面积，采用单弯螺杆+MWD控制轨迹，Compass软件进行防碰扫描，当分离系数小于1时，修正SAG、MAG误差影响，在保证井下安全的同时避免绕障；水平段采用油基钻井液、大扭矩螺杆、水力振荡器、52MPa钻井泵及地面管汇、控压工艺，同时配合高转速、大钻压钻进，大部分水平井水平段一趟钻，最高日进尺达到1152m，平均机械钻速为65.59m/h；根据井筒载荷分布、压裂时水锤效应，分段优选套管，节约成本；井眼轨迹从二开开始设计8°～13°造斜段、漂浮下套管工艺配合专用下套管装置，大幅降低摩阻，增加扶正器数量以保证固井质量，同时大幅提高下套管效率。通过不断优化改进，2017年后完钻14口井，平均井深为5687m，平均水平段长度为3182m，平均钻井周期为14.4天，与2014年之前的158口井相比，在水平段增加1332m的情况下，每米钻井成本降低33%。

关键词: 致密气, 超长水平井, 小井眼, 优快钻井, 水锤效应, 提速

Abstract: The drilling cost accounts for 40%-50% of the total well construction cost in unconventional oil and gas development, therefore, reducing drilling cost is very crucial to save well construction cost and improve development benefit. The optimal and fast drilling technology for middle-deep formation in Groundbirch tight gas project in Canada is introduced to provide technical reference for unconventional oil and gas horizontal well drilling in China. The specific parameters are as follows: Two sections of slim hole with horizontal section of 2200-3500 m. The first section is 222.3 mm borehole with 177.8 mm surface casing and the second section is 159.0 mm borehole with 114.3 mm production casing; The batch drilling model is applied and drilling fluid is recycled. The first section is spudded within 2hrs, and second section within 1 day; The spoon shaped well trajectory is designed by considering anti-collision, enhancing ROP, and decreasing friction drag, and the target displacement is reduced to increase the reservoir production area. The single bend screw + MWD is applied to control the well trajectory, and the Compass Software is used for anti-collision scanning. When the separation coefficient is less than 1.0, the SAG and MAG errors are corrected to ensure the safe drilling and avoid obstacles. During horizontal section drilling, the oil-based drilling fluid, high torque screw, hydro-oscillator, 52 MPa drilling pump, surface manifold and pressure control technology are adopted. Furthermore, the high rotary speed and large WOB are applied to achieve one trip completion of the horizontal sections of most horizontal wells, with the maximum daily footage of 1152 m, and ROP reaching up to 65.59 m/hr; Based on pressure distribution of wellbore and water hammer effect during fracturing, the production casing is differentially designed for different sections to save costs; From the second section, the well trajectory is designed with 8°-13° deviation section, and the floatation collar and special Tesco tool are used to running casing to greatly reduce the friction drag. The number of centralizers is increased to ensure cementing quality and greatly improve the casing running efficiency. Through the continuous optimization and improvement, the average drilling time was only 14.4 days of 14 wells drilled after Y2017 with the total well depth of 5687 m and horizontal section of 3182 m. The drilling cost per meter was decreased by 33% given that the length of horizontal section was increased by 1332 m of 158 wells drilled before 2014.

中图分类号:

TE246

张小宁, 于文华, 叶新群, 李令东, 明瑞卿, 王芹. 加拿大白桦地致密气超长小井眼水平井优快钻井技术[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2022, 27(2): 142-149.

Zhang Xiaoning, Yu Wenhua, Ye Xinqun, Li Lingdong, Ming Ruiqing, Wang Qin. Optimal and fast drilling technology of ultra-long slim hole horizontal well in Groundbirch Tight Gas Field, Canada[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022, 27(2): 142-149.

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