四川盆地绵阳—广安浅水陆棚及周缘上二叠统长兴组天然气成因来源及成藏模式

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，绵阳—广安浅水陆棚及周缘地区长兴组勘探获得重大突破，但不同礁滩体天然气地球化学特征及含气性差异大，天然气成因来源及主力烃源不清, 油气富集规律及成藏模式不明，制约了有利圈闭评价及勘探部署。基于天然气组成、碳同位素、氢同位素、氮同位素、储层沥青与烃源岩等分析实验数据，系统研究了天然气成因、混源气的混源比例，结合地质研究成果，建立了长兴组气藏成藏模式。研究结果表明：（1）长兴组天然气是以烃类气体为主且干燥系数大于0.98的干气，主要属于原油裂解气，部分为中—高含H₂S气藏。（2）研究区主要发育上二叠统龙潭组/ 吴家坪组Ⅱ₁—Ⅲ型和下古生界筇竹寺组Ⅰ型、龙马溪组Ⅰ—Ⅱ₁型3套烃源岩，长兴组天然气地球化学特征差异与主力烃源岩发育程度及通源断裂断开层位相关。源于上二叠统烃源岩的天然气碳同位素重，δ¹³C₂值主要重于-28.0‰；有下古生界烃源混入时，混合气的碳同位素变轻，采用端元气δ¹³C₂值估算的下古生界源岩贡献比例为53.9%～77.0%。（3）长兴组气藏具有单源供烃、双源供烃和三源供烃3类聚集模式，明确了不同聚集模式的主力烃源岩。研究认为，以上二叠统龙潭组/吴家坪组为烃源的区域，规模滩相储层叠加现今构造是有利勘探区；存在下古生界混源的区域，通源断裂与规模滩相储层的有效匹配，使油气富集程度整体较高，可为四川盆地下步勘探部署决策提供地质依据。

关键词: 长兴组, 天然气, 地球化学特征, 成藏模式, 浅水陆棚, 绵阳—广安, 四川盆地

Abstract: In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in the Mianyang-Guang’an shallow-water shelf and its adjacent areas. However, the geochemical characteristics and gas-bearing properties of different reef-shoal bodies vary greatly, the genesis and main source rocks of different gas reservoirs remain unclear, and the laws of oil and gas enrichment and the accumulation models are not yet well understood. These factors have restricted the evaluation of favorable traps and the deployment of exploration. Based on the analysis and experimental data of natural gas composition, carbon isotopes, hydrogen isotopes, nitrogen isotopes, reservoir bitumen and source rocks, a systematic study was conducted on the origin of natural gas and the mixing ratio of mixed gases. Combined with geological research results, a gas accumulation model for the Changxing Formation was established. The research results show that: The study results show that: (1) The natural gas in the Changxing Formation is mainly composed of hydrocarbon gases with a dryness coefficient greater than 0.9841, and it is mainly pyrolysis gas from crude oil, with some being medium to high H₂S gas reservoirs. (2) In the study area, three sets of source rocks of two types, namely the Upper Permian Longtan Formation/Wujiaping Formation Type II₁-III and the Lower Paleozoic Qiongzhusi Formation and Longmaxi Formation Type I-II₁, are mainly developed. The geochemical differences of natural gas in the Changxing Formation are related to the development degree of the main source rocks and the stratigraphic level of the source-cutting faults. Natural gas from the Upper Permian source rocks has heavy carbon isotopes, with δ¹³C₂ values mainly heavier than -28.0‰. When Lower Paleozoic source rocks are mixed in, the carbon isotopes of the mixed gas become lighter. The contribution ratio of Lower Paleozoic source rocks estimated by the end-member gas δ¹³C₂ values is 53.9% - 77.0%. (3) The Changxing Formation gas reservoirs have three types of accumulation patterns：single-source，dual-source and triple-source hydrocarbon supply pattern. The main source rocks and their distribution for different accumulation patterns were clarified. It is believed that in the area where the source rocks are from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation/Wujiaping Formation, the superimposition of large-scale beach facies reservoirs and the current structure is a favorable exploration zone. In the area where there is a mixture of Lower Paleozoic sources, the effective matching of source-cutting faults and large-scale beach facies reservoirs leads to a higher overall degree of oil and gas enrichment，which can provide geological basis for the next exploration deployment decisions in Sichuan Basin.

Key words: Changxing Formation, Natural gas, Geochemical characteristics, Accumulation pattern, Shallow-water shelf, Mianyang-Guang’an, Sichuan Basin.

中图分类号:

TE122.11

孙豪飞, 罗冰, 国建英, 张玺华, 谢武仁, 明盈, 武赛军, 张文杰, 徐亮, 崔会英, 陈骁, 王晓波, 冶明泽, 冉钰, 谢增业. 四川盆地绵阳—广安浅水陆棚及周缘上二叠统长兴组天然气成因来源及成藏模式[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(6): 153-170.

Sun Haofei, Luo Bing, Guo Jianying, Zhang Xihua, Xie Wuren, Ming Ying, Wu Saijun, Zhang Wenjie, Xu Liang, Cui Huiying, Chen Xiao, Wang Xiaobo, Ye Mingze, Ran Yu, Xie Zengye. The Genesis and Accumulation Pattern of Natural Gas in the Mianyang-Guang’an Shallow Shelf and Its Adjacent areas in Upper Permian Changxing Formation , Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(6): 153-170.

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