川西坳陷三叠系雷口坡组顶部白云岩储层分布预测

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 川西坳陷中三叠统雷口坡组顶部发育古风化壳型储层，近期PZ1井在该风化壳层再次获得高产工业气流，显示雷口坡组具有较大油气潜力，但TS1井的失利又显示了气藏的复杂性。川西坳陷雷口坡组顶部雷四上亚段具溶孔的颗粒白云岩是主要储层，优质储层以白云岩坪相为基础，后期发生白云岩化成岩改造。但由于断层及膏岩夹层的干扰，难以根据地震反射结构预测储层。研究发现，川西坳陷雷口坡组顶部表现出独特的断层相特征：坳陷内发育两个弧形小断层带，表现为强断裂变形白云岩相；断层带后方为断层不发育的完整背斜，表现为弱断裂变形白云岩相；坳陷东坡为揉皱膏岩相。利用这一特殊的断层相特征，依据地质力学原理，预测两弧形小断层带为刚性、单层厚度较薄的地层，为白云岩坪边缘相带，储层厚度较薄但裂缝发育；断层带后方完整地块为刚性、单层厚度较大的地层，为白云岩坪中心相带，储层厚度大；小断层带东侧的揉皱带为膏岩发育区。

Abstract:

The weathering crust reservoir developed on the top of Triassic Leikoupo Formation in Chuanxi depression. Recently, a high-yield industrial gas flow was acquired from Well PZ1 drilled at this weathering crust, indicating a great oil and gas potential of Leikoupo Formation, but the failure of Well TS1 also shows complexity of the gas reservoir. The grained dolomite with dissolved pores is the main reservoir in the 4th member of Leikoupo Formation in Chuanxi depression. Based on the dolomite flat, the high-quality reservoir came under dolomite diagenetic transformation in the later period. However, thanks to interferences of faults and gypsum in Leikoupo Formation, it is difficult to predict reservoirs by means of seismic reflection structure. The study indicates that the top of Leikoupo Formation in Chuanxi depression is characterized with unique fault facies. Two small arc-shaped fault belts developed in the depression, which are dolomite with strong fault deformation facies. The complete anticline with the faults undeveloped was behind the fault belt and in the form of dolomite with weak fault deformation facies. The eastern slope of the depression is crumpled gypsum facies. Based on the unique characteristics of fault and geo-mechanical principles, the two small arc-shaped fault belts are predicted as rigid formations with the single layers being thin and dolomite flat marginal facies. The layers of reservoir are relatively thin but with development of fractures. The complete block behind the fault belts is the rigid formation with the single layers being thick and dolomite flat central facies. Thickness of the reservoir is large. The crumpled zone east of the small fault belts is gypsum development zone.

中图分类号:

甯濛, 刘殊, 龚文平. 川西坳陷三叠系雷口坡组顶部白云岩储层分布预测[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2015, 20(3): 30-37.

Ning Meng, Liu Shu, Gong Wenping. Prediction of Dolomite Reservoir Distribution on Top of Triassic Leikoupo Formation in Chuanxi Depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015, 20(3): 30-37.

参考文献

[1] 秦川.川西坳陷中北部三叠系雷口坡组—马鞍塘组储层特征及油气勘探前景[D].成都理工大学,2012. Qin Chuan. Reservoir characteristics and exploration prospect of Triassic Leikoupo Formation-Ma′antang Formation in the central and northern parts of western Sichuan Basin[D]. Chengdu University of Technology，2012.
[2] 徐立恒.中国南方中、古生界海相碳酸盐岩成藏多样性探讨[J].中国石油勘探, 2012,17(1):14-18. Xu Liheng. Diversification of reservoir formation about Mesozoic-Palaeozoic marine carbonate rock in South China[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2012,17(1):14-18.
[3] 辛勇光,谷明峰,周进高，等.四川盆地雷口坡末期古岩溶特征及其对储层的影响——以龙岗地区雷口坡组四3段为例[J]. 海相油气地质, 2012,17(1):73-78. Xin Yongguang, Gu Mingfeng, Zhou Jingao, et al. Characteristics and affection of Middle Triassic karstification on Leikoupo 43 reservoir in Longgang area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2012,17(1):73-78.
[4] 钟怡江,陈洪德,林良彪,等.川东北地区中三叠统雷口坡组四段古岩溶作用与储层分布[J].岩石学报, 2011,27(8):2272-2280. Zhong Yijiang，Chen Hongde，Lin Liangbiao, et al. Paleokarstification and reservoir distribution in the Middle Triassic carbonates of the 4th member of the Leikoupo Formation，northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica，27(8):2272-2280.
[5] 陈宗清.论四川盆地下古生界5次地壳运动与油气勘探[J].中国石油勘探，2013,18(5):15-23. Chen Zongqing. On five crustal movements and petroleum exploration in Lower Paleozoic, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2013,18(5):15-23.
[6] 何海清,李建忠.中国石油“十一五”以来油气勘探成果、地质新认识与技术进展[J].中国石油勘探，2014,19(6):1-13. He Haiqing, Li Jianzhong.PetroChina’s oil and gas exploration results, new geological theories and technological achievements since 11th Five-Year Plan Period[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2014,19(6):1-13.
[7] 许国明,宋晓波,王琼仙.川西坳陷中段三叠系雷口坡组—马鞍塘组油气地质条件及有利勘探目标分析[J]. 海相油气地质, 2012,17(2):14-19. Xu Guoming, Song Xiaobo, Wang Qiongxian. Analysis of petroleum geologic conditions and favorable prospecting targets of Triassic Leikoupo-Ma′antang Formations in the Middle segment of Chuanxi depression, western Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2012,17(2):14-19.
[8] 许国明,宋晓波,冯霞,等.川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组天然气勘探潜力[J]. 天然气工业，2013,33(8):8-14. Xu Guoming, Song Xiaobo, Feng Xia, et al. Gas potential of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the western Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2013,33(8):8-14.
[9] 唐宇.川西地区雷口坡组沉积与其顶部风化壳储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):42-47. Tang Yu. Characterization of the sedimentation of the Leikoupo Formation and the weathering crust reservoirs at the top of the formation in the western Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil ＆ Gas geology, 2013,34(1):42-47.
[10]汪华.四川盆地中西部中三叠统天然气藏特征及成藏机理研究[D].成都理工大学,2009. Wang Hua. Study on the characteristics and formation mechanism of Middle-Triassic natural gas pools in the west-central Sichuan Basin[D]. Chengdu University of Technology, 2009.
[11] 吴世祥,李宏涛,龙胜祥,等.川西雷口坡组碳酸盐岩储层特征及成岩作用[J].石油与天然气地质, 2011,32(4):542-550,559. Wu Shixiang, Li Hongtao, Long Shengxiang, et al. A study on characteristics and diagenesis of carbonate reservoir in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan depression[J]. Oil ＆ Gas geology, 2011,32(4):542-550,559.
[12] 胡伟光,陈山林,王涛,等.元坝地区雷口坡组岩溶储层含气性预测[J]. 天然气技术,2010,4(5):11-14,77. Hu Weiguang, Chen Shanlin, Wang Tao, et al. Gas-bearing prediction of weathering-crust reservoir in Leikoupo Formation, Yuanba area[J]. Natural Gas Technology, 2010,4(5):11-14,77.
[13]范菊芬.川西坳陷雷口坡组气藏勘探远景区预测[J].石油物探,2009,48(4):417-424. Fan Jufen. Prediction of exploration potential area of Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan depression[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2009, 48(4):417-424.
[14]李幸运. 川西坳陷南段雷口坡组层序地层及沉积相研究[D].成都理工大学, 2009. Li Xingyun. Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies study of Leikoupo Formation in the southern part of the western Sichuan depression[D]. Chengdu University of Technology，2009.
[15] 焦方正，冯建辉，易积正，等.中扬子地区海相天然气勘探方向、关键问题与勘探对策 [J].中国石油勘探，2015, 20(2):1-8. Jiao Fangzheng, Feng Jianhui, Yi Jizheng，et al. Direction, key factors and solution of marine natural gas exploration in Yangtze area[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(2):1-8.
[16] 罗冰，周刚，罗文军，等.川中古隆起下古生界—震旦系勘探发现与天然气富集规律[J].中国石油勘探，2015,20(2):18-29. Luo Bing, Zhou Gang, Luo Wenjun，et al. Discovery from exploration of Lower Paleozoic-Sinian system in central Sichuan palaeo-uplift and its natural gas abundance law[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(2):18-29.
[17] 李凌,谭秀成,邹春,等.四川盆地雷口坡组膏盐岩成因及膏盐盆迁移演化与构造意义[J].地质学报, 2012,86(2):316-324. Li Ling, Tan Xiucheng, Zou Chun, et al. Origin of the Leikoupo Formation gypsum-salt and migration evolution of the gypsum-salt pot in the Sichuan Basin，and their structural significance[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012,86(2):316-324.
[18] Alvar Braathen, Jan Tveranger, et al. Fault facies and its application to sandstone reservoirs[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009,93(7):891-917.
[19]钟嘉猷.实验构造地质学及其应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1998:201-217. Zhong Jiayou. Experimental structural geology and application[M]. Beijing: Sciences Press, 1998:201-217.
[20]姚超.中国含油气构造样式[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社, 2004:163-224. Yao Chao. Oil and gas bearing structure of China[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2004:163-224.
[21] Marques F O，Cobbold P R. Topography as a major factor in the development of arcuate thrust belts: insights from sandbox experiments[J]. Tectonophysics, 2002,348(4):247-268.
[22] Marques F O, Cobbold P R. Effects of topography on the curvature of fold-and-thrust belts during shortening of a 2-layer model of continental lithosphere[J]. Tectonophysics，2006，415(1-4):65-80.
[23] Matthew A, Stephen J M. Fault terminations and barriers to fault growth[J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2004,26:1885-1896.
[24] Mc Quillan H. Small-scale fracture density in Asmari formation of Southwest Iran and its relation to bed thickness and structural setting[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1973 (57):2367-2385.
[25] Taixu Bai, David D Pollard. Fracture spacing in layered rocks: a new explanation based on the stress transition[J].Journal of Structural Geology, 2000(22):43-57.
[26] Ronald Nelson. Geologic analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs[M]. Second Edition; Gulf Professional Publishing, 2001:141-145.
[27] Christopher K Zahm, Laura C Zahm, Jerome A Bellian. Integrated fracture prediction using sequence stratigraphy within a carbonate fault damage zone, Texas, USA[J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2010 (32):1363-1374.
[28] 孟庆峰,侯贵廷,潘文庆,等.岩层厚度对碳酸盐岩构造裂缝面密度和分形分布的影响[J].高校地质学报, 2011,17(3):462-468. Meng Qingfeng, Hou Guiting, Pan Wenqing, et al. Layer thickness controls on surface density and fractal dimension of structural fractures in carbonate strata[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2011,17(3):462-468.
[29] 张守仁,张遂安,万贵龙.构造裂缝发育区带预测的有效方法[J].中国石油勘探, 2012,17(2):38-43. Zhang Shouren, Zhang Suian, Wan Guilong. Available approach to structural fracture estimating[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2012,17(2):38-43.
[30] Stearns D W, Friedman M. Reservoirs in Fractured Rock[C]// King R E. ed. Stratigraphic oil and gas fields－classification，exploration methods and case histories(AAPG Memoir 16).Tulsa: AAPG, 1972: 82-100.
[31] 赵明,樊太亮,于炳松,等. 塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育特征及主控因素[J]. 现代地质, 2009,23(4):709-718. ZhaO Ming, Fan Tailiang, Yu Bingsong, et al. Ordovician carbonate reservoir fracture characteristics in Tazhong area of Tarim Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2009,23(4):709-718.