中国碳酸盐岩沉积储层理论进展与海相大油气田发现

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 与国外相比，中国海相碳酸盐岩具有克拉通地块小、年代老、埋藏深、改造强等特点，面临台内、内幕、台缘与深层古老层系油气勘探潜力评价等理论技术难题。文章依托国家油气重大专项“十一五”至“十三五”碳酸盐岩项目和中国石油天然气集团有限公司碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室，围绕碳酸盐岩沉积储层开展了有针对性的理论技术攻关，取得4 项认识创新：（1）小克拉通台内普遍发育裂陷，沉积分异助推勘探领域由台缘拓展至台内；（2）发现内幕岩溶储层新类型，助推勘探领域由局部潜山区拓展至广泛的内幕区；（3）深层碳酸盐岩储层具相控性，决定储层分布的规模性和可预测性，推动勘探领域由浅层拓展至深层；（4）古老微生物碳酸盐岩具“三元”控储控分布特征，推动拓展了中—新元古界和寒武系盐下油气勘探新领域。上述理论进展填补了国内外碳酸盐岩沉积储层研究的认识空白，同时为塔里木盆地塔中、轮古、哈拉哈塘、顺北和四川盆地普光、元坝与安岳等大型油气田的发现所证实。

关键词: 小克拉通, 台地, 台内裂陷, 内幕岩溶储层, 深层礁滩储层, 微生物白云岩储层, 中国

Abstract: Different from foreign countries, the marine carbonate rocks in China are featured by development in small craton block, old geologic age, deep burial depth, and strong transformation, and the theory and technology are faced with problems in the evaluation of oil and gas exploration potential in the intraplatform, intra-carbonate strata, platform margin and old strata in deep formations. By relying on the carbonate reservoir project of national oil and gas special projects during the 11^th and 13^th Five-Year Plan periods and CNPC Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs, the targeted theoretical and technological researches on carbonate reservoir have been conducted, and innovative understanding has been achieved in four aspects, including: (1) The rifts are generally developed in the intraplatform of small cratons and the geological knowledge of sedimentary differentiation promotes the expansion of exploration field from platform margin to the intraplatform; (2) The discovery of new types of intra-carbonate karst reservoir promotes the expansion of exploration field from the local buried hill to the broad intra-carbonate strata; (3) The deep carbonate reservoir is controlled by sedimentary facies, consolidating the large scale and predictability of reservoir, which understanding promotes the expansion of exploration field from shallow to deep formations; (4) The geological understanding of “ternary” reservoir controlling and distribution of the ancient microbial carbonate rocks promotes the expansion of new exploration fields in the Meso-Neoproterozoic and subsalt Cambrian. The above theoretical progress supports to fill the gap in the field of carbonate reservoir study at home and abroad, and is confirmed by the discovery of large oil and gas fields such as Tazhong, Lungu, Halahatang, Shunbei in Tarim Basin, and Puguang, Yuanba, and Anyue in Sichuan Basin.

中图分类号:

TE122.1

赵文智, 沈安江, 乔占峰, 张建勇, 倪新锋. 中国碳酸盐岩沉积储层理论进展与海相大油气田发现[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2022, 27(4): 1-15.

Zhao Wenzhi, Shen Anjiang, Qiao Zhanfeng, Zhang Jianyong, Ni Xinfeng. Theoretical progress in carbonate reservoir and discovery of large marine oil and gas fields in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022, 27(4): 1-15.

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