中国煤层气现状分析及对策探讨

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国煤层气，特别是煤矿排采煤层气及其利用率统计数字较混乱。将含甲烷量较低且变化范围大的煤矿排采量以体积数简单地与地面钻井产量相加而得到全国煤层气产量的做法是不可取的，应以标准计量的商品量核实煤层气的产量和利用量。近年煤层气的产量和利用量一直未达到预定指标，应慎重务实地对待^“十三五^”煤层气的预定指标。煤层气发展缓慢的首要原因是矿权管理上的问题，造成少数^“国家油企对矿权的垄断和专业公司与煤炭企业的矿权重叠。由于煤层气成本明显偏高，企业投入趋低也严重制约了其发展。为了促进煤层气健康发展，应深化体制改革，放开矿权准入，理顺煤层气专业公司与煤矿的关系，以法规促进和保障不同类型油气间的综合开发利用，针对中国特点深化对煤层气的跨部门联合攻关，以求逐步降低开发成本。

关键词: 煤层气, 煤矿煤层气, 产量, 利用率, 矿权, 油气体制改革

Abstract: The statistical figures about China^’s coal-bed methane (CBM), particularly CBM drained from coal mine and its utilization rate, are very confused. It is not feasible to calculate the nation^’s total CBM output simply by adding CBM drained from coal mines, with low methane content and a large variation range, to the CBM production from wells drilled on the surface. CBM production and utilization should be verified by standard measurement of commodity amount. CBM output and utilization have not reached the target as predicted in recent years. It is necessary to hold a cautious attitude towards the CBM target put forth in the 13th Five-year Plan. Sluggish CBM development resulted mainly from royalty management issues. Some national oil companies^’monopoly of the royalty is overlapped with the royalty of specialized companies and coal enterprises. Inadequate investment from enterprises also seriously impairs CBM development owing to a high CBM cost. To promote a healthy CBM development it is necessary to strengthen structuring reform, deregulate royalty admission, make reasonable the relations between specialized CBM companies and coal mines, and keep comprehensive development of different types of oil and gas on the basis of the law and regulations. In the efforts to reduce development cost, the country should make a multi-disciplinary research on CBM in the light of the Chinese characteristics.

白振瑞　张　抗. 中国煤层气现状分析及对策探讨[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2015, 20(5): 73-80.

Bai Zhenrui, Zhang Kang. Analysis of China’s CBM Conditions[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015, 20(5): 73-80.

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