塔里木盆地顺托果勒隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩超深层油气突破及其意义

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塔里木盆地顺托果勒隆起形成于加里东中期，早寒武世早期发育玉尔吐斯组斜坡—陆棚相烃源岩，早寒武世—中奥陶世发育了厚达3000m的碳酸盐岩沉积建造，多期海平面变化有利于形成暴露溶蚀型储层，同时加里东—海西期多期断裂发育，有利于裂缝发育和流体改造形成多类型储层，晚奥陶世沉积的巨厚泥岩可以作为区域盖层。该隆起下古生界发育完整的生储盖组合，是油气成藏有利地区。前期油气勘探主要集中在沙雅隆起与卡塔克隆起区，对深埋的顺托果勒隆起认识不足。通过深化基础研究，认识到顺托果勒隆起长期处于低地温背景，下寒武统烃源岩在喜马拉雅期仍处于凝析油—天然气生成阶段，具备形成晚期成藏的大型油气田的有利条件，寒武系—中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩是最主要的目的层系。在沙漠地区超深层地震技术攻关基础上优选目标实施钻探，取得了重大突破，勾勒出顺托果勒隆起大油气田的轮廓，有望实现塔中—塔北连片含油气格局。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 顺托果勒隆起, 奥陶系, 碳酸盐岩, 超深层, 油气突破

Abstract: The Shuntuoguole uplift in the Tarim Basin was formed in the middle stage of Caledonian. In the early stage of Early Cambrian, the Yuertusi Formation slope-shelf facies source rocks were formed. During the Early Cambrian-Middle Ordovician, carbonate sedimentary formations with thickness up to 3000 m were developed, and multiphase sea level fluctuation contributed to the formation of exposed karst reservoirs. Meanwhile, during the Caledonian-Hercynian, multiphase faulting activities occurred, which were favorable for fracture development and fluid reformation to form multiple types of reservoirs. The very thick mudstones deposited during the Late Ordovician can act as regional cap rocks. In the Shuntuoguole uplift, a complete source-reservoir-cap-rock assemblage exists in the Lower Palaeozoic, suggesting it a prospect of hydrocarbon accumulation. The oil and gas exploration at the earlier stage focused on the Shaya and Katake uplifts, while the deeply-buried Shuntuoguole uplift was not thoroughly understood. Further basic studies reveal that the Shuntuoguole uplift is in the low geothermal environment for a long term. During the Himalayan, the Lower Cambrian source rocks were generating condensate oil-natural gas, implying the favorable conditions for the formation of large oil and gas fields with late-stage accumulation. The Cambrian – Middle-Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks are the most important targets. Based on the seismic technology R&D for ultra-deep zones in desert areas, targets were selected for well drilling. Great breakthrough has been made. A giant oil and gas field in the Shuntuoguole uplift is taking shape. It is promising to realize a continuous oil and gas pattern in central and northern Tarim Basin.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Shuntuoguole uplift, Ordovician, carbonate rock, ultra-deep formation, oil and gas breakthrough

漆立新. 塔里木盆地顺托果勒隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩超深层油气突破及其意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(3): 38-51.

Qi Lixin. Oil and gas breakthrough in ultra-deep Ordovician carbonate formations in Shuntuoguole uplift, Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(3): 38-51.

参考文献

[1] 金之钧. 中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气形成与富集规律[J]. 中国科学：地球科学，2011,41(7):910-926. Jin Zhijun. Formation and accumulation of oil and gas in marine carbonate strata in Chinese sedimentary basins[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 2011,41(7):910-926.
[2] 何海清，李建忠. 中国石油“十一五”以来油气勘探成果、地质新认识与技术进展[J]. 中国石油勘探，2014,19(6):1-13. He Haiqing, Li Jianzhong. PetroChina’s oil and gas exploration results, new geological theories and technological achievements since 11th Five-Year Plan period[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2014,19(6):1-13.
[3] 贾承造. 塔里木盆地构造特征与油气聚集规律[J].新疆石油地质，1999,20(3):177-183. Jia Chengzhao. Structural characteristics and oil/gas accumulative regularity in Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology，1999,20(3):177-183.
[4] 何治亮，金晓辉，沃玉进，等. 中国海相超深层碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点及勘探领域[J]. 中国石油勘探，2016,21(1):3-14. He Zhiliang, Jin Xiaohui, Wo Yujin, et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and exploration domains of ultra-deep marine carbonates in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016,21(1):3-14.
[5] 胡向阳，权莲顺，齐得山，等. 塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏溶洞充填特征[J].特种油气藏，2014,21(1):18-21. Hu Xiangyang, Quan Lianshun, Qi Deshan, et al. Features of cavern filling in fractured/vuggy carbonate oil reservoirs, Tahe oilfield[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2014,21(1):18-21.
[6] 赵建，李冰，罗云，等. 塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏地质储量计算方法[J]. 中国石油勘探，2015,20(3):38-44. Zhao Jian, Li Bing, Luo Yun, et al. Calculation Method for Geological Reserve of Ordovician Carbonate Rock Reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(3):38-44.
[7] 金之钧. 从源—盖控烃看塔里木台盆区油气分布规律[J].石油与天然气地质，2014,35(6):763-770. Jin Zhijun. A study on the distribution of oil and reservoirs controlled by source-cap rock assemblage in unmodified foreland region of Tarim Basin[J]. Oil ＆ Gas Geology, 2014,35(6):763-770.
[8] 赵宗举. 全球海平面变化指标及海相构造层序研究方法——以塔里木盆地奥陶系为例[J].石油学报，2015,36(3):262-273. Zhao Zongju. Indicators of global sea-level change and research methods of marine tectonic sequences: take Ordovician of Tarim Basin as an example[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015,36(3):262-273.
[9] 苗青，常少英，裴广平，等. 塔里木轮古西奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶孔洞充填特征识别方法[J].中国石油勘探，2014,19(1):31-34. Miao Qing, Chang Shaoying, Pei Guangping, et al. Method for identification of LGX Ordovician carbonate karst cave packing feature in Tarim[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2014,19(1):31-34.
[10] 张宗命，贾承造.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向[J].西安石油学院学报，1997,12(3):8-13. Zhang Zongming, Jia Chengzao. Palaeohighs in craton Basin of Tarim and the exploration objectives[J]. Journal of XiAn Petroleum Institute, 1997,12(3):8-13.
[11] 李本亮，管树魏，李传新，等. 塔里木盆地塔中低凸起古构造演化与变形特征[J].地质论评，2009,55(4):521-530 Li Benliang, Guan Shuwei, Li Chuanxin. et al. Paleo-tectonic evolution and deformation features of the lower uplift in the central Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review, 2009,55(4):521-530.
[12] 孙岩，贾承造，万玲. 塔北地区晚期成藏条件的初步分析[J].石油实验地质，1997,1(2),139-146. Sun Yan, Jia Chengzao, Wan Ling. Preliminary analysis of oil-pool forming conditions in the late period in the northern Tarim area[J] .Experimental Petroleum & Geology，1997,19(2):139-147.
[13] 李曰俊，宋文杰，买光荣，等. 库车和北塔里木前陆盆地与南天山造山带的耦合关系[J]. 新疆石油地质，2001,22(5):376-381. Li Yuejun, Song Wenjie, Mai Guangrong, et al. Characteristics of Kuqa and northern Tarim foreland basins and their coupling relation to south Tianshan orogen[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2001,22(5):376-381.
[14] 邬光辉，杨海军，屈泰来，等. 塔里木盆地塔中隆起断裂系统特征及其对海相碳酸盐岩油气的控制作用[J].岩石学报，2012,28(3):793-805. Wu Guanghui, Yang Haijun, Qu Tailai, et al. The fault system characteristics and its controlling roles on marine carbonate hydrocarbon in the Central uplift，Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012,28(3):793-805.
[15] 余星，陈汉林，杨树锋，等. 塔里木盆地二叠纪玄武岩的地球化学特征及其与峨眉山大火成岩省的对比[J].岩石学报，2009,25(6):1492-1498. Yu Xing, Chen Hanlin, Yang Shufeng, et al. Geochemical features of Permian basalts in Tarim Basin and compared with Emeishan LIP[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009,25(6):1492-1498.
[16] 赵靖舟，贾承造.塔里木盆地阿瓦提—满加尔低梁构造特征和形成演化[J]. 地质论评，2002,48(1):68-73. Zhao Jingzhou，Jia Chengzao. Structural characteristics and tectonic evolution of the Awati-Manjia’er ridge, the Tarim Basin[J]. Geological Review, 2002,48(1):68-73.
[17] 谢晓安，胡素云，卢华复. 探讨塔里木盆地巴楚断隆的正反转构造[J].地质论评，1998,44(1):1-6. Xie Xiaoan，Hu Suyun，Lu Huafu. Discussion on the normal reversed structure of Bachu faulted uplift，the Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review, 1998,44(1):1-6.
[18] 卢华复，蔡东升等. 塔里木盆地北缘库车前陆褶皱—冲断构造分析[J]. 大地构造与成矿学，1997,21(1):1-8. Lu Huafu，Cai Dongsheng.et al. Structural analyses of Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt among the northern margin of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica，1997,21(1):1-8.
[19] 云露，曹自成.塔里木盆地顺南地区奥陶系油气富集与勘探潜力[J].石油与天然气地质，2014,35(6):788-798. Yun Lu，Cao Zicheng. Hydrocarbon enrichment pattern and exploration potential of the Ordovician in Shunnan area，Tarim Basin[J]. Oil＆Gas Geology，2014,35(6):788-798.
[20] 陈明政，李宗杰，王保才. 塔中顺南沙漠区碳酸盐岩天然气藏三维地震勘探技术[J].石油与天然气地质，2014,35(6):935-943. Chen Mingzheng, Li Zongjie, Wang Baocai. 3D seismic exploration technology of carbonate gas reservoir in Shunnan desert area of central Tarim Basin[J]. Oil＆ Gas Geology, 2014,35(6):935-943．
[21] 刘群，李宗杰，禹金营，等.高精度三维地震技术应用效果分析——以塔河油田S48井区为例[J]. 石油物探，2010,49(6):573-583. Liu Qun, Li Zongjie, Yu Jinying, et al. Application analysis on high-precision 3D seismic technique: case study on S48 well area in Tahe oilfield [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2010,49(6):573-583.
[22] 郭恺，仝兆岐，滕厚华.地震采集面元尺度与成像横向分辨能力分析[J].石油与天然气地质，2012,33(1):141-147. Guo Kai, Tong Zhaoqi, Teng Houhua. Analysis on bin size of seismic survey and lateral resolution of imaging [J]. Oil ＆ Gas Geology, 2012,33(1):141-147.
[23] 徐颖. 塔河油田高精度三维地震采集参数优化研究[J].石油物探，2014,53(1):68-76． Xu Ying. Optimization on the high-precision 3D seismic acquisition parameters in Tahe oilfield[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2014,53(1):68-76.
[24] 陈学强，白文杰，黄有晖，等. 高精度三维地震采集技术在塔中沙漠区碳酸盐岩勘探中的应用[J].石油物探，2011,50(1):76-81. Chen Xueqiang, Bai Wenjie, Huang Youhui, et al. Application of 3D high precision seismic acquisition technology for carbonate exploration in the central Tarim Basin [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2011,50(1):76-81.
[25] 孔剑冰，庄道川，高雁，等. 塔里木盆地沙漠区低信噪比地震资料静校正和去噪方法[J].物探与化探，2005,29(3):257-260. Kong Jianbing, Zhuang Daochuan, Gao Yan, et al. A study of static correction and de-noising method for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data from the desert area of Tarim Basin and its application [J]. Geophysical＆ Geochemical Exploration, 2005, 29(3):257-260．
[26] 马学军，费建博，王建斌，等. 塔中奥陶系缝洞系统成像的配套处理技术研究[J]. 石油物探，2011,60(6):583-588. Ma Xuejun, Fei Jianbo, Wang Jianbin, et al. Study on the supporting processing techniques for the imaging of Ordovician fracture-cavity system in Tazhong area[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2011,60(6):583-588.
[27] 袁燎，黄广建，李道善，等. 塔中地区沙漠地震资料处理技术[J].新疆石油地质，2011,32(3):298-300. Yang Liao, Huang Guangjian, Li Daoshan, et al. Desert seismic data processing technology in Tazhong area, Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2011,32(3):298-300.
[28] 杨勤勇，段心标. 逆时偏移技术发展现状与趋势[J].石油物探，2010,49(1):92-98. Yang Qinyong, Duan Xinbiao. Development status and trend of reverse time migration[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2010,49(1):92-98.
[29] 王昕，魏刚，刘歆，等.子波地震道分解与重构技术在复杂储层预测中的应用[J].断块油气田，2010,17(3):289-292． Wang Xin, Wei Gang, Liu Xin, et al. Application of seismic trace-wavelet decomposition and reconfiguration technology in complex reservoir prediction [J]. Fault-Block Oil ＆ Gas Field, 2010,17(3):289-292.
[30] 黄跃，许多，文雪康. 多子波分解与重构中子波的优选[J].石油物探，2013,52(1):17-22. Huang Yue, Xu Duo, Wen Xuekang. Optimization of wavelets in multi-wavelet decomposition and reconstruction method [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2013,52(1):17-22.
[31] 陈人杰，童思友，刘怀山，等.基于子波分解与重构的储层预测技术[J].海洋地质前沿，2014,30(1):55-61. Chen Renjie, Tong Siyou, Liu Huaishan, et al. Reservoir prediction technology based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2014,30(1):55-61.
[32] 刘群，李海英，邓光校.地震断裂检测技术在塔河油田南部碳酸盐岩储层及油藏预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质，2013,34(2):202-206. Liu Qun, Li Haiying, Deng Guangxiao. Application of seismic fault detection to carbonate reservoir prediction in southern Tahe oilfield [J]. Oil ＆ Gas Geology, 2013,34(2):202-206.
[33] 王招明，谢会文，陈永权，等. 塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现与勘探意义[J]. 中国石油勘探，2014,19(2):1-13. Wang Zhaoming, Xie Huiwen, Chen Yongquan, et al. Discovery and exploration of Cambrian subsalt dolomite original hydrocarbon reservoir at Zhongshen-1 Well in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2014,19(2):1-13.