塔里木盆地库车坳陷万米领域天然气成藏关键条件分析与接替领域优选#br#

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 万米深层是库车坳陷源内天然气勘探的重要领域之一，因其资源量大、保存条件好、油气充注近邻而成为潜在的接替领域，但也存在诸如构造圈闭、规模储层和成藏类型等不明确的关键问题。基于深部构造地质结构解剖、生烃潜力评价、储层成岩物理模拟和成藏模式综合研究，开展了万米深层天然气的成藏关键条件分析和领域选区。研究表明：库车坳陷万米深层领域发育受煤系地层及巨厚泥岩、古生界不整合面等三滑脱层控制的大型断背斜、背斜和断块构造，这些构造在克拉苏构造带万米深层集中发育；万米深层领域发育巨厚的三叠系—下侏罗统高—过成熟煤系和湖相泥岩烃源岩，生烃量为（1000～3000)×10⁸m³/km²；大面积广域分布的辫状河三角洲下平原—前缘巨厚砂体和晚期快速深埋、超高温压强构造挤压应力作用下，大规模发育的裂缝—孔隙型储层，在万米深层仍具有5%～10%的孔隙度和1mD以上的渗透率；万米深层领域主要为三叠系—下侏罗统近源/源内的区域性生储盖组合，以构造—岩性致密砂岩气藏为主，优选克拉苏构造带可勘探面积达4200km²，天然气资源量可达1.5×10¹²m³，其中克深气田之下构造圈闭是有利目标区。该研究成果将为国内万米深层碎屑岩领域天然气勘探奠定基础认识，为库车前陆盆地冲断带克拉—克深之下再找大气田夯实地质理论基础。

关键词: 万米深层天然气, 关键条件, 接替领域, 库车坳陷, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: The 10000-meter deep formation is an important field for intra source rock gas exploration in Kuqa Depression, which is a potential replacement field benefit from its large resource amount, good preservation conditions and near-source hydrocarbon charging. However, there is unclear understanding of structural traps, reservoir scale and oil and gas reservoir types. Based on geological study of deep structures, hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation, physical simulation of reservoir diagenesis and comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation mode, the key conditions for gas accumulation in 10000-meter deep formations have been analyzed and favorable replacement fields have been optimally selected. The results show that, controlled by three detachment layers such as coal measure strata, huge thick mudstone, and Paleozoic unconformity, large fault anticlines, anticlines and fault block structures were developed in 10000-meter deep formations in Kuqa Depression, and mostly concentrated in Kelasu thrust belt. The huge thick Triassic–Lower Jurassic highly-over mature coal measures and lacustrine mudstone source rocks were developed in 10000-meter formations, with a hydrocarbon generation capacity of (1000–3000)×10⁸ m³/km². Jointly controlled by the large-area braided river delta plain–front huge thick sand bodies, rapidly deep burial in the late stage, ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure, and intense tectonic compressive stress, the large-scale fractured–porosity type reservoirs still have good physical properties at a depth of 10000 m, with a porosity of 5%–10% and a permeability of higher than 1 mD. The Triassic-Lower Jurassic regional near/intra source rock hydrocarbon accumulation combination was dominant in 10000-meter deep formation, generally forming structural-lithologic tight sandstone gas reservoirs. The Kelasu thrust belt is optimally selected as a strategic exploration zone, with an area of 4200 km², and gas resources of up to 1.5×10¹² m³, and the traps below Keshen Gas Field are favorable targets. The research results provide basic understanding for gas exploration in clastic rocks with a depth of 10000 meters in China, and lay geological theoretical foundation for further discovery of large gas fields below Kela–Keshen in Kuqa foreland basin thrust belt.

Key words: 10000-meter deep gas, key condition, replacement field, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

张荣虎, 金武弟, 曾庆鲁, 杨宪彰, 余朝丰, 宋兵, 王珂, 李东. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷万米领域天然气成藏关键条件分析与接替领域优选#br#[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(3): 51-64.

Zhang Ronghu, Jin Wudi, Zeng Qinglu, Yang Xianzhang, Yu Chaofeng, Song Bing, Wang Ke, Li Dong. Analysis of key conditions for gas accumulation and favorable replacement fields in 10000-meter deep formations in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(3): 51-64.

参考文献

[1] Simmons M R. The world’s giant oilfields [J]. Hubbert Center Newsletter, 2002(1):1-62.
[2] Colling E L, Alexander R J, Phair R L. Regional mapping and maturity modelling for the northern deep water Gulf of Mexico [C]. GCSSEPM Foundation 21st Annual Bob F. Houston: Perkins Research Conference, Houston, 2001:87-110.
[3] 何登发，贾承造，赵文智，等.中国超深层油气勘探领域研究进展与关键问题[J].石油勘探与开发，2023,50(6):1162-1172.
He Dengfa, Jia Chengzao, Zhao Wenzhi, et al. Research progress and key issues of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023,50(6): 1162-1172.
[4] 胡文瑞，张书通，徐思源，等．中国油气田开发实践、挑战与展望[J]. 中国石油勘探，2024,29(5):1-11.
Hu Wenrui, Zhang Shutong, Xu Siyuan, et al. Practice, challenges and prospects of oil and gas field development in China [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024,29(5):1-11.
[5] 潘继平.中国油气勘探开发新进展与前景展望[J].石油科技论坛，2023, 42(1):23-31.
Pan Jiping. New progress and outlook of China’s oil and gas exploration and development [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2023,42(1):23-31.
[6] 黄福喜，汪少勇，李明鹏，等.中国石油深层、超深层油气勘探进展与启示[J].天然气工业，2024,44(1):86-96.
Huang Fuxi, Wang Shaoyong, Li Mingpeng, et al. Progress and implications of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in PetroChina [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2024,44(1):86-96.
[7] 石艺.我国陆上最深气井克深902井地下8000m试获高产油气流[J].石油钻采工艺，2015,37(4):8.
Shi Yi. High production oil flow was detected 8000m underground in well Keshen 902, the deepest gas well onshore in China [J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2015, 37(4):8.
[8] 杨海军，陈永权，田军，等.塔里木盆地轮探1井超深层油气勘探重大发现与意义[J].中国石油勘探，2020,25(2):62-72.
Yang Haijun, Chen Yongquan, Tian Jun, et al. Great discovery and its significance of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in Well Luntan-1 of the Tarim Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(2):62-72.
[9] 刘伟.英国石油公司在墨西哥湾发现“巨型”油田[J].国土资源情报，2009(9):24.
Liu Wei. British Petroleum discovered a“giant”oil field in the Gulf of Mexico [J]. Territorial and Resource Information, 2009(9):24.
[10] 赵文智，汪泽成，张水昌，等.中国叠合盆地深层海相油气成藏条件与富集区带[J].科学通报，2007,52(增刊1):9-18.
Zhao Wenzhi, Wang Zecheng, Zhang Shuichang, et al. China superimposed basin deep marine reservoirs conditions and enrichment zone [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007,52(S1):9-18.
[11] 朱光有，张水昌.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].石油学报，2009,30(6):793-802.
Zhu Guangyou, Zhang Shuichang. Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration potential of deep reservoirs in China [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009,30(6):793-802.
[12] 马永生，蔡勋育，赵培荣.深层、超深层碳酸盐岩油气储层形成机理研究综述[J].地学前缘，2011,18(4):181-192.
Ma Yongsheng, Cai Xunyu, Zhao Peirong. The research status and advances in porosity evolution and diagenesis of deep carbonate reservoir [J]. Earth Science Frontiers，2011,18(4):181-192.
[13] 张冠杰，张滨鑫，徐珂，等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷博孜区块超深层致密砂岩储层裂缝特征及其对油气产能的影响[J].地质科技通报，2024,43(2):75-86.
Zhang Guanjie, Zhang Binxin, Xu Ke, et al. Fracture characteristics of ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs in the Bozi block, Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin, and effects on oil-gas production [J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2024,43(2):75-86.
[14] 刘宏坤，艾勇，王贵文，等.深层、超深层致密砂岩储层成岩相测井定量评价：以库车坳陷博孜—大北地区为例[J].地质科技通报，2023,42(1):299-310.
Liu Hongkun, Ai Yong, Wang Guiwen, et al. Quantitative well logging evaluation of diagenetic facies of deep and ultra deep tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of Bozi-Dabei area in Kuqa Depression [J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2023,42(1):299-310.
[15] Wang Junpeng,Wang Hongyan, Zhang Ronghu, et al. Improvement of reservoir quality of ultra-deep tight sandstones by tectonism and fluid: a case study of Keshen gas field in Tarim Basin, western China [J]. Petroleum, 2023,9(1):124-134.
[16] 王宇，苏劲，王凯，等.全球深层油气分布特征及聚集规律[J].天然气地球科学，2012,23(3):523-534.
Wang Yu, Su Jin, Wang Kai, et al. Distribution and accumulation of global deep oil and gas [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2012, 23(3):523-534.
[17] 孙龙德，邹才能，朱如凯，等.中国深层油气形成、分布与潜力分析[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2013,40(6):641-649.
Sun Longde, Zou Caineng, Zhu Rukai, et al. Formation, distribution and potential of deep hydrocarbon resources in China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013,40(6): 641-649.
[18] 贾承造，庞雄奇.深层油气地质理论研究进展与主要发展方向[J].石油学报，2015,36(12):1457-1469.
Jia Chengzao, Pang Xiongqi. Research processes and main development directions of deep hydrocarbon geological theories [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015,36(12):1457-1469.
[19] 李剑，佘源琦，高阳，等.中国陆上深层—超深层天然气勘探领域及潜力[J].中国石油勘探，2019,24(4):403-417.
Li Jian, She Yuanqi, Gao Yang, et al. Onshore deep and ultra-deep natural gas exploration fields and potentials in China [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(4):403-417.
[20] 李阳，薛兆杰，程喆，等.中国深层油气勘探开发进展与发展方向[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(1):45-57.
Li Yang, Xue Zhaojie, Cheng Zhe, et al. Progress and development directions of deep oil and gas exploration and development in China [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(1):45-57.
[21] 马永生，蔡勋育，云露，等.塔里木盆地顺北超深层碳酸盐岩油气田勘探开发实践与理论技术进展[J].石油勘探与开发，2022, 49(1): 1-17.
Ma Yongsheng, Cai Xunyu, Yun Lu, et al. Practice and theoretical and technical progress in exploration and development of Shunbei ultra-deep carbonate oil and gas field, Tarim Basin, NW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022,49(1):1-17.
[22] 郭旭升.我国陆上未来油气勘探领域探讨与攻关方向[J].地球科学，2022,47(10):3511-3523.
Guo Xusheng. Discussion and research direction of future onshore oil and gas exploration in China [J]. Earth Science, 2022,47(10): 3511-3523.
[23] 何登发，贾承造，李德生，等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质，2005,26(1):64-77.
He Dengfa, Jia Chengzao, Li Desheng, et al. Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005,26(1):64-77.
[24] 李德生.中国多旋回叠合含油气盆地构造学[M].北京:科学出版社，2012.
Li Desheng. Tectonics of petroliferous multi-cycle superimposed basins in China [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2012.
[25] 杜金虎，王招明，胡素云，等.库车前陆冲断带深层大气区形成条件与地质特征[J].石油勘探与开发，2012,39(4):385-393.
Du Jinhu, Wang Zhaoming, Hu Suyun, et al. Formation and geological characteristics of deep giant gas provinces in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt, Tarim Basin, NW China [J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012,39(4):385-393.
[26] 王招明.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏盐下深层大气田形成机制与富集规律[J].天然气地球科学，2014,25(2):153-166.
Wang Zhaoming. Formation mechanism and enrichment regularities of Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2014, 25(2):153-166.
[27] 张荣虎，杨海军，王俊鹏，等.库车坳陷超深层低孔致密砂岩储层形成机制与油气勘探意义[J].石油学报，2014,35(6):1057-1069.
Zhang Ronghu, Yang Haijun, Wang Junpeng, et al. The formation mechanism and exploration significance of ultra-deep, low-porosity and tight sandstone reservoirs in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2014,35(6):1057-1069.
[28] 顾家裕，方辉，贾进华.塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩系辫状三角洲砂体成岩作用和储层特征[J].沉积学报，2001,19(4):517-523.
Gu Jiayu, Fang Hui, Jia Jinhua. Diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of cretaceous braided delta sandbody in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2001,19(4):517-523.
[29] 贾承造.塔里木盆地沉积与储层[M].北京：石油工业出版社，2003: 261-290.
Jia Chengzao. Sedimentary and reservoir in Tarim Basin [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2003:261-290.
[30] 张荣虎，张惠良，寿建峰，等.库车坳陷大北地区下白垩统巴什基奇克组储层成因地质分析[J].地质科学，2008,43(3):507-517.
Zhang Ronghu, Zhang Huiliang, Shou Jianfeng, et al. Geological analysis on reservoir mechanism of the lower cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Dabei area of the Kuqa Depression [J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2008,43(3):507-517.
[31] 王清华，杨海军，徐振平，等．塔里木盆地库车坳陷克探 1 井重大突破与勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探，2023,28(2):1-10.
Wang Qinghua, Yang Haijun, Xu Zhenping, et al. Major breakthrough and exploration significance of Well Ketan 1 in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2023,28(2):1-10.
[32] 王清华，张荣虎，杨宪彰，等．库车坳陷东部迪北地区侏罗系阿合组致密砂岩气勘探重大突破及地质意义[J]．石油学报，2022,43(8): 1049-1064．
Wang Qinghua, Zhang Ronghu, Yang Xianzhang, et al. Major breakthrough in tight gas exploration of Jurassic Ahe Formation and its geological significance in Dibei area of eastern Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022,43(8):1049-1064．
[33] 王清华，徐振平，张荣虎，等．塔里木盆地油气勘探新领域、新类型及其资源潜力[J]．石油学报，2024,45(1):15-32．
Wang Qinghua, Xu Zhenping, Zhang Ronghu, et al. New fields, new types of hydrocarbon explorations and their resource potentials in Tarim Basin [J]．Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024,45(1): 15-32．
[34] 杨学文，田军，王清华，等.塔里木盆地超深层油气地质认识与有利勘探领域[J].中国石油勘探，2021,26(4):17-28.
Yang Xuewen, Tian Jun, Wang Qinghua, et al. Geological understanding and favorable exploration fields of ultra-deep formations in Tarim Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(4):17-28.
[35] 唐雁刚，杨宪彰，谢会文，等．塔里木盆地库车坳陷侏罗系阿合组致密气藏特征与勘探潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(4): 113-124.
Tang Yangang, Yang Xianzhang, Xie Huiwen, et al. Tight gas reservoir characteristics and exploration potential of Jurassic Ahe Formation in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(4):113-124.
[36] 张惠良，张荣虎，杨海军，等.超深层裂缝—孔隙型致密砂岩储集层表征与评价：以库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J].石油勘探与开发，2014,41(2):158-167.
Zhang Huiliang, Zhang Ronghu, Yang Haijun, et al. Characteriza-tion and evaluation of ultra-deep fracture-pore tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kelasu tectonic zone in Kuqa foreland basin, Tarim, NW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41(2):158-167.
[37] 张水昌，何坤，王晓梅，等.深层多途径复合生气模式及潜在成藏贡献[J].天然气地球科学，2021,32(10):1421-1435.
Zhang Shuichang, He Kun, Wang Xiaomei, et al. The multi-path gas generation model and its potential contribution to petroleum accumulation in deep formations [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021,32(10):1421-1435.
[38] 田军，杨海军，吴超，等.博孜9 井的发现与塔里木盆地超深层天然气勘探潜力[J].天然气工业，2020,40(1):11-19.
Tian Jun, Yang Haijun, Wu Chao, et al. Discovery of Well Bozi 9 and ultra-deep natural gas exploration potential in the Kelasu tectonic zone of the Tarim Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020,40(1):11-19.
[39] 李军，张超谟，李进福，等.库车前陆盆地构造压实作用及其对储集层的影响[J].石油勘探与开发，2011,38(1):47-51.
Li Jun, Zhang Chaomo, Li Jinfu, et al. Tectonic compaction and its influence on reservoirs in the Kuqa foreland basin, Tarim [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2011, 38(1):47-51.
[40] 张荣虎，魏国齐，王珂，等.前陆冲断带构造逆冲推覆作用与岩石响应特征：以库车坳陷东部中下侏罗统为例[J].岩石学报，2021, 37(7):2256-2270.
Zhang Ronghu, Wei Guoqi, Wang Ke, et al. Tectonic thrust nappe activity and sandstone rock response characteristics in foreland thrust belt: a case study of Middle and Lower Jurassic, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2021,37(7): 2256-2270.
[41] Zhang R H, Wang K, Zeng Q L, et al. Effectiveness and petroleum geological significance of tectonic fractures in the ultra-deep zone of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt: a case study of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in the Keshen gas field [J]. Petroleum Science, 2021,18(3):728-741.
[42] 张荣虎，曾庆鲁，王珂，等.储层构造动力成岩作用理论技术新进展与超深层油气勘探地质意义[J].石油学报，2020,41(10): 1278-1290.
Zhang Ronghu, Zeng Qinglu, Wang Ke, et al. New progress in the theory and technology of tectonic diagenesis on reservoir and the geological significance of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020,41(10):1278-1290.
[43] 贾承造，张荣虎，魏国齐，等.天山陆内冲断带构造动力控储效应与超深层规模储层[J].石油学报，2023,44(8):1191-1205.
Jia Chengzao，Zhang Ronghu，Wei Guoqi, et al．Reservoir controlling effects of tectonic dynamics and ultra deep reservoirs in Tianshan intracontinental thrust belt [J]．Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023,44(8):1191-1205．
[44] 季汉成，徐珍.深部碎屑岩储层溶蚀作用实验模拟研究[J].地质学报，2007,81(2):212-218.
Ji Hancheng, Xu Zhen. Experimental simulation for dissolution in clastic reservoirs of the deep zone [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007,81(2):212-218.
[45] 金之钧，胡文瑄，张刘平，等.深部流体活动及油气成藏效应[M].北京：科学出版社，2007:66-76.
Jin Zhijun, Hu Wenxuan, Zhang Liuping, et al. Deep fluid activity and hydrocarbon accumulation effect [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2007:66-76.
[46] 黄洁，朱如凯，侯读杰，等.深部碎屑岩储层次生孔隙发育机理研究进展[J].地质科技情报，2007,26(6):76-82.
Huang Jie, Zhu Rukai, Hou Dujie, et al. The new advances of secondary porosity genesis mechanism in deep clastic reservoir [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2007,26(6):76-82.
[47] 张荣虎，姚根顺，寿建峰，等.沉积、成岩、构造一体化孔隙度预测模型[J].石油勘探开发，2011,38(2):145-151.
Zhang Ronghu, Yao Genshun, Shou Jianfeng, et al. An integration porosity forecast model of deposition,diagenesis and structure [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2011, 38(2):145-151.
[48] 朱光有，张水昌，陈玲，等.天然气充注成藏与深部砂岩储集层的形成：以塔里木盆地库车坳陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发，2009, 36(3):347-357.
Zhu Guangyou, Zhang Shuichang, Chen Ling, et al. Coupling relationship between natural gas charging and deep sandstone reservoir formation: a case from the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2009, 36(3):347-357.
[49] 罗晓容，杨海军，王震亮，等.深层—超深层碎屑岩储层非均质性特征与油气成藏模式[J].地质学报，2023,97(9):2802-2819.
Luo Xiaorong, Yang Haijun, Wang Zhenliang, et al. Heterogeneity characteristics of clastic reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation mode in deep-ultra deep basins [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2023,97(9):2802-2819.