三塘湖盆地二叠系非常规石油地质特征与勘探实践

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2019.05.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于芦1 井、马56-12 井等12 口井586m 岩心描述及上万块样品化验数据，对三塘湖盆地二叠系两类非常规石油形成的地质条件和资源潜力进行研究，探索效益勘探开发配套技术。研究表明：①三塘湖盆地二叠系非常规石油蕴藏于火山活动间歇期浅湖—深湖环境下沉积的泥质生油岩内部或紧邻生油岩的沉凝灰岩中，已发现中二叠统条湖组（P2t）致密油和芦草沟组（P2l）页岩油两类非常规石油资源。②芦草沟组是主力烃源岩，岩性以泥质岩类为主，母质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ2，有机碳含量普遍大于2%，R o 介于0.5%～1.3%，处于低成熟—成熟阶段。③储层岩性复杂，以沉凝灰岩、白云质凝灰岩为主，其次为凝灰质白云岩、泥晶白云岩；脆性矿物含量普遍大于70%，黏土矿物含量小于 10%，储集空间以晶间微孔、粒间微孔及溶蚀微孔为主；条湖组致密油储层表现为高孔隙度、低渗透率、高含油饱和度特点，芦草沟组页岩油储层渗透率与条湖组致密油储层相当，孔隙度、含油饱和度普遍低于前者。④原油均为中质— 重质油，密度为0.85～0.90g/cm3；压力系数为1.0～1.4，为常压系统；油层分布受优质烃源岩及有效储层共同控制。初步预测，二叠系非常规石油资源主要分布在芦草沟组，勘探潜力大，马朗凹陷中部、条湖凹陷中南部是扩展勘探和建产的重要领域。勘探开发实践证明，水平井体积压裂技术是实现非常规石油有效动用的关键，勘探开发一体化是实现效益开发的重要保障。

关键词: 页岩油, 致密油, 沉凝灰岩, 水平井, 体积压裂, 储层甜点, 三塘湖盆地

Abstract: Based on the description of 586m-long cores from 12 wells such as Lu1 and Ma56-12, and the analytical data of over ten thousand samples, the geological conditions and resource potentials of two types of unconventional Permian oil in the Santanghu Basin were analyzed, and supporting technologies were developed for economic exploration and development. The following study results were obtained: ① Unconventional Permian oil accumulated in the argillaceous source rock or the adjacent tuff reservoir depositing in the shallow- deep lake during intermittent volcanic activities. Two types of unconventional oil resources were discovered: tight oil of the Middle Permian Tiaohu Formation (P2t) and shale oil of the Lucaogou Formation (P2l). ②The Lucaogou Formation is the primary source rock dominated by argillaceous rock. The kerogen is type I-II2, TOC is generally more than 2%, and Ro ranges from 0.5% to 1.3%, indicating low maturity. ③ The reservoir is complex, composed of more sedimentary tuff and dolomitic tuff, and less tuffaceous dolomite and argillaceous dolomite. Brittle minerals are generally more than 70% and clay minerals are less than 10%. The reservoir space is dominated by intergranular micropores, intergranular micropores and dissolved micropores. The Tiaohu tight oil reservoir is of high porosity, low permeability and high oil saturation, while the Lucaogou shale oil reservoir has the similar permeability to the Tiaohu tight oil reservoir, but the porosity and oil saturation are generally lower than those of the Tiaohu tight oil reservoir. ④ The crude oil is medium to heavy, and the density is 0.850.90 g/cm3, the pressure coefficient is 1.01.4 (a common pressure system). The reservoir distribution is controlled by both good source rocks and effective reservoirs. Preliminary prediction shows that the unconventional Permian oil resources, mainly distributed in the Lucaogou Formation, and showing a great exploration potential. The central part of the Malang sag and the south-central part of the Tiaohu sag are important for expanding exploration and production. Exploration and development practice have proved that horizontal wells and volume fracturing stimulation are effective to produce the unconventional oil, and integration of exploration and development can guarantee the economic development of the unconventional oil.

中图分类号:

梁世君, 罗劝生, 王瑞, 陈旋, 杨斌, 马强, 梁辉. 三塘湖盆地二叠系非常规石油地质特征与勘探实践[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2019, 24(5): 624-635.

Liang Shijun, Luo Quansheng, Wang Rui, Chen Xuan, Yang Bin, Ma Qiang, Liang Hui. Geological characteristics and exploration practice of unconventional Permian oil resources in the Santanghu Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(5): 624-635.

参考文献

[1] 邹才能，杨智，张国生，陶士振，朱如凯，袁选俊，等. 非常规油气地质学建立及实践[J]. 地质学报，2019,93(1):12-14. Zou Caineng, Yang Zhi，Zhang Guosheng，Tao Shizhen， Zhu Rukai, Yuan Xuanjun，et al . Establishment and practice of unconventional oil and gas geology[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2019,93(1):12-14.
[2] 邹才能，朱如凯，白斌，杨智，侯连华，查明，等. 致密油与页岩油内涵、特征、潜力及挑战[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报，2015,34(1):1-15. Zou Caineng, Zhu Rukai, Bai Bin, Yang Zhi, Hou Lianhua, Zha Ming, et al . Significance，geologic characteristics，resource potential and future challenges of tight oil and shale oil[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2015,34(1):1-15.
[3] 赵贤正，周立宏，蒲秀刚，金凤鸣，韩文中，肖敦清，等. 陆相湖盆页岩层系基本地质特征与页岩油勘探突破[J]. 石油勘探与开发， 2018,45(3):362-364. Zhao Xianzheng, Zhou Lihong, Pu Xiugang, Jin Fengming, Han Wenzhong, Xiao Dunqing, et al . Geological characteristics of shale rock system and shale oil exploration break through in a lacustrine basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(3):362-364.
[4] 杨智，侯连华，林森虎，罗霞，张丽君，吴松涛，等. 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油、页岩油地质特征与勘探潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探， 2017,23(4):76-85. Yang Zhi, Hou Lianhua, Lin Senhu, Luo Xia, Zhang Lijun, Wu Songtao, et al . Geologic characteristics and exploration potential of tight oil and shale oil in Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar sag[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017,23(4):76-85.
[5] 王茂林，程鹏，田辉，肖贤明. 页岩油储层评价指标体系[J]. 地球化学， 2017,46(2):178-186. Wang Maolin, Cheng Peng, Tian Hui, Xiao Xianming. Evaluation index system of shale oil reservoirs[J]. Geochimica, 2017,46(2):178-186.
[6] 周庆凡，杨国丰. 致密油与页岩油的概念与应用体系[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2012,33(4):542-570. Zhou Qingfan, Yang Guofeng. Definition and application of tight oil shale oil terms[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2012,33(4):542-570.
[7] 姜在兴，张文昭，梁超，王永诗，刘慧民，陈祥. 页岩油储层基本特征及评价要素[J]. 石油学报，2014,35(1):185-186. Jiang Zaixin, Zhang Wenzhao, Liang Chao, Wang Yongshi, Liu Huimin, Chen Xiang. Characteristics and elements of shale oil reservoir[J]. Acta petrolei sinica, 2014,35(1):185-186.
[8] 柳波，吕延防，赵荣，涂小仙，郭小波，申英. 三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷芦草沟组泥页岩系统地层超压与页岩油富集机理[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2012:39(6):699-705. Liu Bo, Lv Yanfang, Zhao Rong,Tu Xiaoxian, Guo Xiaobo, Shen Ying. Formation overpressure and shale oil enrichment in the shale system of Lucaogou Formation, Malang sag, Santanghu Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012:39(6):699-705.
[9] 王昌桂，杨飚. 三塘湖盆地油气勘探前景[J]. 新疆石油地质， 2002,23(2):92-94. Wang Changgui, Yang Biao. Explration Potential in Santanghu Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2002,23(2):92-94.
[10] 赵政璋，杜金虎. 致密油气[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社，2012: 100-128. Zhao Zhengzhang, Du Jinhu. Tight oil and gas[M]. Beijing： Petroleum Industry Press, 2012:100-128.
[11] 梁世君，黄志龙，柳波，燕列灿，李华明，马剑. 马朗凹陷芦草沟组页岩油形成机理与富集条件[J]. 石油学报，2012,33(4):589-593. Liang Shijun, Huang Zhilong, Liu bo, Yan Liecan, Li Huaming, Ma Jian. Formation mechanism and enrichment conditions of Luocaogou Formation shale oil from Malang sag,Santanghu Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012,33(4):589-593.
[12] 梁浩，李新宁，马强，梁辉，罗权生，陈璇, 等. 三塘湖盆地条湖组致密油地质特征及勘探潜力[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2014,41(5): 565-572. Liang Hao, Li Xinning, Ma Qiang, Liang Hui, Luo Quansheng, Chen Xuan, et al . Geological features and exploration potential of Permian Tiaohu Formation tight oil, Santanghu Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014,41(5): 565-572.
[13] 国建英，钟宁宁，梁浩，李欣，王东良，马卫，等. 三塘湖盆地中二叠统原油的来源及其分布特征[J]. 地球化学，2012,41(3):266-277. Guo Jianying, Zhong Ningning, Liang Hao,Li Xin, Wang Dongliang, Ma Wei, et al . Study on the source and distribution of Middle Permian oils in the Santanghu Basin[J]. Geochimica, 2012,41(3):266-277.
[14] 吴红烛，黄志龙，杨柏松，柳波，闫玉魁，桑廷义，等. 马朗凹陷低熟页岩油地球化学特征及成烃机理[J]. 吉林大学学报：地球科学版， 2014,44(1):56-66. Wu Hongzhu, Huang Zhilong, Yang Baisong, Liu Bo, Yan Yukui, Sang Tingyi, et al . Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon-generating mechanism of low-mature shale oil in Malang sag[J]. Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition, 2014,44(1):56-66.
[15] 马剑，黄志龙，刘再振，陈常超，高潇玉. 三塘湖盆地条湖组含沉积有机质凝灰岩致密储层特征[J]. 地学前缘，2015,22(6):185-196. Ma Jian, Huang Zhilong, Liu Zaizhen,Chen Changchao, Gao Xiaoyu. Tight reservoir characteristics of sedimentary organic matter-bearing tuff in Tiaohu Formation of Santanghu Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2015,22(6):185-196.
[16] 朱国华, 张杰, 姚根顺, 李玉文, 王鑫, 余朝丰. 沉火山尘凝灰岩：一种赋存油气资源的重要岩类——以新疆北部中二叠统芦草沟组为例[J]. 海相油气地质，2014,19(1):1-7. Zhu Guohua, Zhang Jie, Yao Genshun, Li Yuwen, Wang Xin, Yu Chaofeng. Sedimentary volcanic dust tuff, an important kind of rock storing hydrocarbon resources: disscusion on the lithology of Middle Permian Lucaogou oil-bearing rocks in the north of Xinjiang[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2014,19(1):1-7.
[17] 宫清顺, 倪国辉, 芦淑萍, 梁波，辛永光. 准噶尔盆地乌尔禾油田凝灰质岩成因及储层特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2010,31(4):481-485. Gong Qingshun, Ni Guohui, Lu Shuping, Liang Bo, Xin Yongguang. Genesis and reservoir features of tuffaceous rocks in Wuerhe oil field of the Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010,31(4):481-485.
[18] 高瑞琴, 杨继波, 丛培栋, 胡德慧, 周文革, 鞠江慧, 等．二连油田沉凝灰岩储层特征分析[J]. 测井技术，2006，30(4):330-333. Gao Ruiqin, Yang Jibo, Cong Peidong, Hu Dehui, Zhou Wenge, Ju Jianghui, et al . Analysis of the characteristics of tuffite reservoir in Erlian oilfield[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2006， 30(4):330-333.
[19] 马剑，黄志龙，钟大康，梁世君，梁浩，薛东青，等. 三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷二叠系条湖组凝灰岩致密储集层形成与分布[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2016,43(5):714-720. Ma Jian, Huang Zhilong, Zhong Dakang,Liang Shijun, Liang Hao, Xue Dongqing, et al . Formation and distribution of tuffaceous tight reservoirs in the Permian Tiaohu Formation in the Malang sag, Santanghu Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016,43(5):714-720.
[20] 李新宁, 马强, 梁辉, 张品，张琪，贾雪丽，等. 三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组二段混积岩致密油地质特征及勘探潜力[J]. 石油勘探与开发， 2015,42(6):763-771. Li Xinning, Ma Qiang, Liang Hui, Zhang Pin, Zhang Qi, Jia Xueli, et al . Geological characteristics and exploration potential of diamictite tight oil in the second member of the Permian Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015,42(6):763-771.
[21] 陈旋，李杰，梁浩，罗权生，范谭广，何仁忠，等. 三塘湖盆地条湖组沉凝灰岩致密油藏成藏特征[J]. 新疆石油地质，2014,35(4):388-390. Chen Xuan, Li Jie, Liang Hao, Luo Quansheng, Fan Tanguang, He Renzhong, et al . Hydrocarbon accumulation elements analysis of Tiaohu tuff reservoir of Middle Permian, Santanghu Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2014,35(4):388-390.
[22] 马强，白国娟，闫立纲. 三塘湖盆地芦草沟组致密储层特征及其“甜点” 选择[J]. 新疆石油天然气，2017,13(1):1-5. Ma Qiang, Bai Guojuan, Yan Ligang. Tight reservoir characteristics and sweet spot of Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin[J]. Xinjiang Oil ＆ Gas, 2017,13(1):1-5.
[23] 刘俊田，胡前泽，张日供, 田琳，崔娥. 三塘湖盆地芦草沟组成藏特征探讨[J]. 新疆石油天然气，2013,9(3):1-4. Liu Juntian, Hu Qianze, Zhang Rigong, Tian Lin, Cui e. Probe into characteristics discussion of hydrocarbon accumulation for the Lucaogou Formation in the Sangtanghu Basin[J]. Xinjiang Oil ＆ Gas, 2013,9(3):1-4.
[24] 胡文瑞. 地质工程一体化是实现复杂油气藏效益勘探开发的必由之路 [J]. 中国石油勘探，2017,22(1):1-5. Hu Wenrui. Geology-engineering integration-a necessary way to realize profitable exploration and development of complex reservoirs[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017,22(1):1-5.
[25] 王昕, 杨斌, 王瑞. 吐哈油田低饱和度油藏地质工程一体化效益勘探实践[J]. 中国石油勘探，2017,22(1):38-45. Wang Xin, Yang Bin, Wang Rui. Beneficial exploration based on geology-engineering integration in low-saturation oil reservoirs of Tuha oilfield[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017,22(1):38-45.
[26] 章敬，罗兆，徐明强，江洪, 陈仙江, 王腾飞, 等. 新疆油田致密油地质工程一体化实践与思考[J]. 中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):12-20. Zhang Jing, Luo Zhao, Xu Mingqiang, Jiang Hong, Chen Xianjiang, Wang Tengfei, et al . Application of geologyengineering integration in development of tight oil in Xinjiang oilfield[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017,22(1):12-20.