深层超深层碳酸盐岩特大型气田形成主控因素——以四川盆地安岳和蓬莱气田为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 四川盆地深层—超深层领域震旦系—寒武系已发现安岳、蓬莱两个超万亿立方米规模的特大型气田，为寻找接替领域，亟需明确其富集主控因素。在前人研究的基础上，综合应用地质、地球化学资料，对安岳、蓬莱气田天然气成因及成藏主控因素进行系统研究。研究认为，深层- 超深层特大型气田形成主要受控于四大主控因素：（1）晚震旦世-早寒武世发育德阳—安岳和万源-达州2个克拉通内裂陷，控制下寒武统优质主力烃源岩发育，裂陷内烃源岩厚度是邻区的3~4倍，生气强度是邻区的2~3倍；（2）晚震旦世—早寒武世发育安岳—奉节陆架镶边台地，控制震旦系灯影组二段和四段、寒武系沧浪铺组下段和龙王庙组台缘丘滩体或颗粒滩4套优质储层形成，台缘带储层厚度大，储集性能好；（3）桐湾期形成的高石梯—磨溪巨型古隆起长期继承性发育，控制古隆起核部大型构造—岩性和斜坡区岩性圈闭群形成，古隆起核部和斜坡区灯影组圈闭群面积分别达7500km²和5720km²；（4）大型古油藏原位裂解成藏，聚集效率高，不同宿主矿物中发现大量液态烃包裹体，丰度达10%~80%，天然气富集区储层沥青含量高，主要介于1%~8%。根据台地边缘丘滩体、台内滩、规模烃源岩、目的层构造与勘探程度，以及研究区具备立体成藏复式富集的地质条件等因素，评价提出3 类形成大型特大型气田的有利区，Ⅰ类区是已发现安岳、蓬莱气田的安岳—蓬莱台缘丘滩/台内滩发育区；Ⅱ类区是已有突破或具备规模勘探潜力的洪雅—乐山、仪陇—广元、川南荣昌—古蔺、巴中—达州、石柱—利川等台缘丘滩/台内滩发育区；Ⅲ类区是重庆—梁平、威远—泸州等台内滩发育区。研究成果对深层—超深层油气勘探有重要借鉴意义。

关键词: 深层—超深层, 克拉通内裂陷, 陆架镶边台地, 主控因素, 震旦系—寒武系, 安岳气田, 蓬莱气田, 四川盆地

Abstract: In the deep-ultra-deep area of the Sichuan Basin, Anyue and Penglai gas fields have been discovered, with reserves exceeding 100 trillion cubic meters, making them two super-large gas fields in Sinian-Cambrian system. In order to find their replacements, it is urgent to clarify the main controlling factors of their accumulation. Based on the previous studies, a systematic study on the gas genesis and the main controlling factors of the Anyue and Penglai gas fields was conducted by using geological and geochemical data. The research concludes that the formation of deep-ultra-deep super-large gas fields is mainly controlled by four main controlling factors: （1）The development of two intracontinental rifts, namely the Deyang-Anyue and Wanyuan-Dazhou rifts, during the Late Sinian to Early Cambrian periods, which controlled the formation of high-quality main source rocks in the Lower Cambrian. The thickness of source rocks in these rifts is three to four times that of adjacent areas, and their gas generation intensity is two to three times higher.（2）The development of the Anyue-Fengjie shelf margin platform during the Late Sinian to Early Cambrian periods, which controlled the formation of four high-quality reservoirs: the second and fourth members of the Dengying Formation of the Sinian System and the lower member of the Canglangpu Formation and the Longwangmiao Formation of the Cambrian System. The reservoirs in the shelf margin zone are thick and have good storage properties. （3）The long-term inheritance of the Gaoshitiji-Moxi giant paleo-uplift formed during the Tongwanian period, which controlled the formation of large structural and lithologic traps in the core of the paleo-uplift and lithologic traps in the slope area. The areas of the Dengying Formation traps in the core and slope of the paleo-uplift are 7500 km² and 5720 km², respectively. （4）The in-situ cracking of large ancient oil reservoirs to form gas fields, with high accumulation efficiency. A large number of liquid hydrocarbon inclusions were found in different host minerals, with abundances ranging from 10% to 80%. The content of reservoir bitumen in the gas-rich areas is high, mainly ranging from 1% to 8%.Based on the factors such as the platform margin shoals and the platform interior shoals, the scale of source rocks, the structure of the target layer and the exploration degree, as well as the geological conditions that the study area has the potential for three-dimensional hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple enrichment, three types of favorable areas for the formation of large and super-large gas fields are evaluated. The first type of area is the development zone of the platform margin shoals and the platform interior shoals where the Anyue and Penglai gas fields have been discovered, namely the Anyue-Penglai zone. The second type of area is the development zones of the platform margin shoals and the platform interior shoals where breakthroughs have been made or which have the potential for large-scale exploration, such as Hongya-Leshan, Yilong-Guangyuan, Rongchang-Gulin, Bazhong-Dazhou, and Shizhu-Lichuan. The third type of area is the development zones of the platform interior shoals, such as Chongqing-Liangping and Weiyuan-Luzhou.The research results have significant implications for deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration.

Key words: Deep-ultra-deep area, Intracratonic rifts, Shelf-rimmed platform, Main controlling factors, Sinian-Cambrian, Anyue gas field;Penglai gas field, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE121

魏国齐, 张本健, 谢增业, 杨威, 李剑, 崔会英, 国建英, 王晓波, 谢武仁. 深层超深层碳酸盐岩特大型气田形成主控因素——以四川盆地安岳和蓬莱气田为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(2): 1-15.

Wei Guoqi, Zhang Benjian, Xie Zengye, Yang Wei, Li Jian, Cui Huiying, Guo Jianying, Wang Xiaobo, Xie Wuren. Main controlling factors of formation of deep and ultra-deep carbonate giant gas fields: a case study of Anyue and Penglai gas field in Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(2): 1-15.

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