深层超深层碳酸盐岩特大型气田形成主控因素——以四川盆地安岳和蓬莱气田为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 四川盆地深层—超深层领域震旦系—寒武系已发现安岳、蓬莱两个超万亿立方米规模的特大型气田，为寻找接替领域，亟须明确其富集主控因素。在前人研究的基础上，综合应用地质、地球化学资料，对安岳、蓬莱气田天然气成因及成藏主控因素进行系统研究。研究认为，深层—超深层特大型气田形成主要受控于四大因素：（1）晚震旦世—早寒武世发育德阳—安岳和万源—达州两个克拉通内裂陷，控制下寒武统优质主力烃源岩发育，裂陷内烃源岩厚度是邻区的3～4 倍，生气强度是邻区的2～3 倍；（2）晚震旦世—早寒武世发育安岳—奉节陆架镶边台地，控制震旦系灯影组二段、震旦系灯影组四段、寒武系沧浪铺组下段和龙王庙组台缘丘滩体或颗粒滩4 套优质储层形成，台缘带储层厚度大，储集性能好；（3）桐湾期形成的高石梯—磨溪巨型古隆起长期继承性发育，控制古隆起核部大型构造—岩性和斜坡区岩性圈闭群形成，古隆起核部和斜坡区灯影组圈闭群面积分别达7500km² 和5720km²；（4）大型古油藏原位裂解成藏，聚集效率高，不同宿主矿物中发现大量液态烃包裹体，丰度达10%～80%，天然气富集区储层沥青含量高，主要介于1%～8%。根据台地边缘丘滩体、台内滩、规模烃源岩、目的层构造与勘探程度，以及研究区具备立体成藏复式富集的地质条件等因素，评价提出3 类形成大型—特大型气田的有利区，Ⅰ类区是已发现安岳、蓬莱气田的安岳—蓬莱台缘丘滩/ 台内滩发育区；Ⅱ类区是已有突破或具备规模勘探潜力的洪雅—乐山、仪陇—广元、荣昌—古蔺、巴中—达州、石柱—利川等台缘丘滩/ 台内滩发育区；Ⅲ类区是重庆—梁平、威远—泸州等台内滩发育区。研究成果对深层—超深层油气勘探有重要借鉴意义。

关键词: 深层—超深层, 克拉通内裂陷, 陆架镶边台地, 主控因素, 震旦系—寒武系, 安岳气田, 蓬莱气田, 四川盆地

Abstract: In Sichuan Basin, two trillion-cubic-meter level giant gas fields, Anyue and Penglai gas fields, have been discovered in deep to
ultra-deep formations in the Sinian–Cambrian. It is urgent to clarify the main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation to determine the replacement fields. Based on previous studies and combined with geological and geochemical data, a systematic study has been conducted on gas genesis and the main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation in Anyue and Penglai gas fields. The study results conclude that the formation of deep to ultra-deep giant gas fields was mainly controlled by four factors: (1) Two intracontinental rifts were developed during the Late Sinian–Early Cambrian, namely Deyang–Anyue and Wanyuan–Dazhou rifts, developing high-quality source rocks in the Lower Cambrian, with a source rock thickness in the rifts 3–4 times and a gas generation intensity 2–3 times those in neighboring areas. (2) Anyue–Fengjie shelf-rimmed platform was formed during the Late Sinian–Early Cambrian, which controlled the formation of four sets of high-quality platform marginal mound beach or granular beach facies reservoirs, i.e., the second and fourth members of the Sinian Dengying Formation, lower member of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation, and the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, with large thickness and good storage performance of platform marginal reservoirs. (3) The long-term inheritance and development of Gaoshiti–Moxi huge paleo-uplift formed during Tongwan movement stage controlled the formation of large structural–lithologic traps in the core of the paleo-uplift and lithologic traps in the slope zone, with areas of 7500 km² and 5720 km² of Dengying Formation trap groups. (4) The large ancient oil reservoirs cracked and insitu accumulation occurred, with high accumulation efficiency. A large number of liquid hydrocarbon inclusions were observed in various host minerals, with abundance of 10%–80%. The content of reservoir bitumen in gas-rich zone is high, mainly ranging in 1%–8%. Based on factors such as the development degrees of platform marginal mound beach body and intraplatform beach body, large-scale source rocks, structure of the target layer, and exploration degree, as well as geological conditions for stereoscopic hydrocarbon accumulation and composite enrichment, three types of favorable zones for the formation of large and giant gas fields have been proposed. Type Ⅰ zone includes platform marginal beach/intraplatform beach zone where Anyue and Penglai gas fields have been discovered. Type Ⅱ zone is the platform marginal beach/intraplatform beach development zone where breakthroughs have been made or has the potential for large-scale exploration, such as Hongya–
Leshan, Yilong–Guangyuan, Rongchang–Gulin, Bazhong–Dazhou, and Shizhu–Lichuan. Type Ⅲ zone is the intraplatform beach development zone, such as Chongqing–Liangping and Weiyuan–Luzhou. The study results have important reference significance for oil and gas exploration in deep to ultra-deep formations.

Key words: deep to ultra-deep formations, intracratonic rift, shelf-rimmed platform, main controlling factor, Sinian–Cambrian, Anyue Gas Field, Penglai Gas Field, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE112.1

魏国齐, 张本健, 谢增业, 杨威, 李剑, 崔会英, 国建英, 王晓波, 谢武仁. 深层超深层碳酸盐岩特大型气田形成主控因素——以四川盆地安岳和蓬莱气田为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(2): 1-15.

Wei Guoqi, Zhang Benjian, Xie Zengye, Yang Wei, Li Jian, Cui Huiying, Guo Jianying, Wang Xiaobo, Xie Wuren. Main controlling factors for the formation of deep to ultra-deep carbonate giant gas fields: a case study of Anyue and Penglai gas fields in Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(2): 1-15.

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