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Wang Haige, Huang Hongchun, Ji Guodong, Chen Changchang, Lv Zehao, Chen Weifeng, Bi Wenxin, Liu Li Progress and challenges of drilling and completion technologies for deep,ultra-deep and horizontal wells of CNPC China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (3): 1-11.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.03.001 Abstract （611）   HTML    PDF （1246KB）（28）    Knowledge map    Save The deep, ultra-deep and unconventional resources have grown to be the major exploration and development fields for increasing reserves and production in China. Since the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, the engineering technology has continuously been researched by focusing on the key exploration and development targets in six basins (including five oil basins and three gas basins) and drilling speed acceleration difficulties, such as high temperature and high pressure formations and narrow fluid density window, and a large number of technical achievements have been obtained. For example, the key drilling and completion technologies for deep, ultra-deep and unconventional horizontal wells have been developed rapidly, forming key technologies with the core of unconventional well structure optimization, safe, highefficiency,optimal and fast drilling, high-temperature resistant drilling fluid, finely pressure-controlling drilling and completion, and expansion pipe, and a number of landmark ultra-deep wells have successfully been drilled; The equipment has been developed such as high-power top drive, integrated geo-steering system, and green economic reservoir reconstruction tool, as well as core additives such as temperature resistance high-performance drilling fluid and high-efficiency leak-proof and plugging materials have been researched, which have accelerated the lowcost,large-scale and cost-effective development of unconventional oil and gas resources. The drilling depth of deep wells exceeds 9000 m, the horizontal section length of horizontal wells is up to 5000 m, and the maximum footage of one trip drilling is 3700 m, with some indicators comparable to those in North America. The research achievements have boosted the discovery and development of large oil and gas fields such as Tarim Fuman, Sichuan Shuangyushi and Daqing Gulong, and provided powerful engineering and technical supports for improving the utilization rate and benefits of resource exploration and development. Associated with the continuous progress of petroleum exploration and development, the engineering geological risks and new challenges faced by drilling operations occur frequently. Therefore, further research is still necessary, including accurate prediction of formation pressure, optimization and expansion of wellbore structure, well trajectory control,high-temperature resistant working fluid system, high-efficiency rock breaking and speed-up tools, as well as integration of geology and engineering, so as to realize the continuous iteration and upgrading of key drilling technologies and equipment, and support the high-efficiency exploration and development of deep, ultra-deep, and unconventional oil and gas resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fu Jinhua, Wang Long, Chen Xiu, Liu Jiangyan, Hui Xiao, Cheng Dangxing Progress and prospects of shale oil exploration and development in the seventh member of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (5): 1-14.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.05.001 Abstract （1026）   HTML    PDF （8745KB）（15）    Knowledge map    Save As an important replacement resource, shale oil is a major exploration field widely concerned at home and abroad. The long-term exploration and development practice enabled to make significant breakthrough and progress in the exploration, development and research of shale oil in the seventh member of Yanchang Formation (Chang 7 member) in Ordos Basin: (1) On the basis of exploration breakthrough in the interlayered type shale oil and discovery of the first integral one-billion-ton level Qingcheng Oilfield, the large-scale and benefit development has been achieved, and a million-ton level national shale oil development demonstration zone has been constructed. (2) In the exploration of the laminated type shale oil, four types of laminated type have been classified of the fine-grained sedimentary complex for the first time, i.e., sandy lamina, tuffaceous lamina, high TOC argillaceous lamina, and medium-low TOC argillaceous lamina. The combination of sandy lamina and medium-low TOC argillaceous lamina is the optimal “sweet spot” interval of the laminated shale oil by evaluating their development scale, reservoir performance, oil-bearing property, movability, and crude oil properties. For the sweet spot interval, new logging evaluation methods such as M- N cross plot are used to finely interpret the complex lithology, and the directional perforation and cross-layer stereoscopic fracturing technology enable to achieve the spatial communication of sweet spots around the wellbore in horizontal section, forming technologies for the effective identification, prediction of sweet spots and reconstruction of the laminated type shale oil, and achieving a major breakthrough in risk exploration, with the primarily submitted predicted shale oil reserves of 2.05×10 8 t. (3) The laminar type shale oil is subdivided into two categories. The medium-high maturity organic shale can be developed by horizontal well, and relatively high TOC (4%-14%) and high S 1 content are key indicators for screening favorable sweet spots. While the medium-low maturity organic shale is the most favorable target for in-situ transformation research. The strategic breakthrough has been made in the exploration of continental shale oil in Chang 7 member in Ordos Basin, which is a milestone in China’s petroleum exploration and development history, but it still faces great challenges. For example, the large-scale and benefit development has been achieved of the interlayered type shale oil, but further research should be conducted on the prediction of sweet spots, production increase and efficiency improvement, and enhanced oil recovery. The laminated type shale oil is facing more challenges and greater difficulty in benefit utilization due to the completely different sedimentary settings, lithologic combination, reservoir space, and engineering quality from the interlayered type shale oil. Therefore, by focusing on the reserve quality and oil movability, hydrocarbon accumulation law should continuously be studied and the research on supporting technology should be strengthened. While for the laminar type shale oil with relative low level of exploration and understanding, the theoretical research and pilot test should steadily be promoted. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Niu Shuanwen Research and application of geology and engineering integration for lowpermeability tight oil reservoirs in Shengli Oilfield China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (1): 14-25.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.01.002 Abstract （508）   HTML    PDF （2181KB）（14）    Knowledge map    Save Shengli Oilfield has abundant low-permeability tight oil resources with various types, dominated by glutenite, turbidite and beachbar sandstone reservoirs, showing complex characteristics and leading to great challenges in improving the speed and efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a large-scale and beneficial capacity construction mode with the integration of geology and engineering. By innovating working concept, operation mechanism and key technologies, and focusing on the technical bottlenecks and cross integration points of various disciplines, Shengli Oilfield conducted multi-disciplinary collaborative research on the integration of geophysics, geology, oil reservoir and engineering, consolidated the basic comprehensive geological study, strengthened the integration of multiple disciplines, and built an integrated collaborative decision support platform. The pre drilling prediction, while-drilling monitoring and post drilling evaluation were combined to develop geology and engineering integration technology for the whole process of scheme optimization design and implementation, which supported to realize the integration of concept, responsibility, process, operation, technology and platform, and achieve the purpose of improving accuracy, timeliness, and capacity while reducing barrel oil cost. The geology and engineering integration technology enabled to realize the effective utilization of untapped reserves with various oil reservoir types. The dynamic updating of high-precision integrated oil reservoir model and the construction of multi-disciplinary collaborative decision support system are the keys to the sustainable development of geology and engineering integration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Liu Xiaobing, Dou Lirong Practice and enlightenment of deepwater petroleum exploration of international major oil companies: a case study of Guyana Stabroek block China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (3): 78-89.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.03.007 Abstract （264）   HTML    PDF （4964KB）（59）    Knowledge map    Save In recent years, exploration breakthroughs have continuously been obtained in deepwater fields by major international oil companies. Among them, the joint venture company led by ExxonMobil has discovered 31 deepwater oil and gas fields in Stabroek block in Guyana, making it a rising star in the petroleum industry in South America and driving the exploration boom in the peripheral offshore areas. Guyana Basin spans Guyana and Suriname offshore areas. ExxonMobil’s petroleum exploration in Guyana Basin mainly experienced three stages, namely, the advanced layout in Suriname offshore area during the 1957-1982, re-exploration in Guyana Basin and long-term research in Guyana offshore area during the 1999-2015, and a series of discoveries by applying new geological understanding and seismic technologies since 2015. The exploration practice of major international oil companies in Guyana, especially the joint venture company led by ExxonMobil, shows that it is a feasible and typical way to implement risk exploration by conducting comprehensive regional geological study and applying new data to strengthen exploration confidence and introducing partners to share risks and benefits, which provides reference for Chinese oil companies in promoting overseas petroleum exploration business from “going global” to “going better”. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Xi Shengli, Liu Xinshe, Ren Junfeng, Liu Gang, Zhang Caili, Hui Xiao, Zhao Weibo, Wang Hongwei, Jing Xianghui, Dong Guodong, Wei Jiayi, Li Han New understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration potential in risk exploration field in Ordos Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (3): 34-48.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.03.004 Abstract （224）   HTML    PDF （1753KB）（6）    Knowledge map    Save In recent years, fruitful achievements have been obtained in petroleum exploration in Ordos Basin by innovating geological understanding,highlighting risk exploration, strengthening large-scale exploration, and focusing on benefit exploration, with annual output exceeding 60 million tons of oil equivalent during the 2020-2022, in which risk exploration has played an important role in the exploration of “four new” fields. Based on the previous research results and the deep analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the Ordovician subsalt, limestone in the Permian Taiyuan Formation, and shale oil in the seventh member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang 7 member), the innovative understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation and technical achievements have been formed, including the “new gas-bearing system in the subsalt dolomite mound beach body within source rock”, “sandwiched hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of Taiyuan Formation limestone”, and “sweet spot evaluation standard and special reservoir reconstruction technology for the laminated shale oil in Chang 7 3 sub member”, which have grown to be the replacement fields during the 15 th Five-Year Plan period and in the medium-long term. Meanwhile, by highlighting the exploration concept of “marching towards source rocks,new fields, and deep formations”, the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration potential in zones with low exploration degree are re-recognized according to two levels of key research orientation and zone preparation, and the prospects and orientation of risk exploration fields in the future are proposed. Among them, the key research orientation refers to the zones that have promising signs and great resource potential, mainly including the Ordovician marine shale gas, lower combination of Yanchang Formation, tight gas in coal measures and the Proterozoic Great Wall System; While the zone preparation aims at zones with basic hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, but low research degree and high exploration difficulty, such as the Cambrian in the peripheral of the central paleo uplift, complex structural areas in the western basin margin, and new series of the third-second members of the subsalt Majiagou Formation (Ma 3-Ma 2 members) in the eastern basin. The new geological understanding, achievement summary, and potential analysis of the risk exploration fields will support to achieve the orderly replacement of exploration zones in the basin and play an important guiding role in accelerating the further strategic development of Changqing Oilfield. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhao Wenzhi, Shen Anjiang, Qiao Zhanfeng, Zhang Jianyong, Ni Xinfeng Theoretical progress in carbonate reservoir and discovery of large marine oil and gas fields in China China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (4): 1-15.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.04.001 Abstract （614）   HTML    PDF （2587KB）（18）    Knowledge map    Save Different from foreign countries, the marine carbonate rocks in China are featured by development in small craton block, old geologic age, deep burial depth, and strong transformation, and the theory and technology are faced with problems in the evaluation of oil and gas exploration potential in the intraplatform, intra-carbonate strata, platform margin and old strata in deep formations. By relying on the carbonate reservoir project of national oil and gas special projects during the 11 th and 13 th Five-Year Plan periods and CNPC Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs, the targeted theoretical and technological researches on carbonate reservoir have been conducted, and innovative understanding has been achieved in four aspects, including: (1) The rifts are generally developed in the intraplatform of small cratons and the geological knowledge of sedimentary differentiation promotes the expansion of exploration field from platform margin to the intraplatform; (2) The discovery of new types of intra-carbonate karst reservoir promotes the expansion of exploration field from the local buried hill to the broad intra-carbonate strata; (3) The deep carbonate reservoir is controlled by sedimentary facies, consolidating the large scale and predictability of reservoir, which understanding promotes the expansion of exploration field from shallow to deep formations; (4) The geological understanding of “ternary” reservoir controlling and distribution of the ancient microbial carbonate rocks promotes the expansion of new exploration fields in the Meso-Neoproterozoic and subsalt Cambrian. The above theoretical progress supports to fill the gap in the field of carbonate reservoir study at home and abroad, and is confirmed by the discovery of large oil and gas fields such as Tazhong, Lungu, Halahatang, Shunbei in Tarim Basin, and Puguang, Yuanba, and Anyue in Sichuan Basin. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Guo Qiulin, Bai Xuefeng, He Wenjun, Fan Liyong, Wang Jian, Jiang Wenya, Liu-Zhuang Xiaoxue, Chen Ningsheng Shale oil resource assessment methods, parameter standards and typical case studies China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (5): 27-41.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.05.003 Abstract （549）   HTML    PDF （11212KB）（19）    Knowledge map    Save Given the strong heterogeneity of continental shales in China, small element volumetric method should be adopted for resource assessment of interlayer shale oil and small element volume method for pure shale oil. The fitting relationship curve between S 1 and TOC as well as relationship curve between light hydrocarbon recovery coefficient and R o are established to obtain the original S 1 content. In addition,four key parameters for the evaluation of pure shale oil resources ( S 1, TOC, R o and shale thickness) and another three for interlayer shale oil resources (cumulative thickness of shale interlayer, porosity and oil saturation) are determined, and the lower limits of these parameters are formulated accordingly. By applying the unified assessment method and standard, typical cases of shale oil resource assessment are studied,including the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the northern Songliao Basin, Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, and Permian Lucaogou Formation in Junggar Basin. The evaluation results show that the geological resources of pure shale oil in the first member of Qingshankou Formation (Qing 1 member) are 52.23×10 8 t, with light oil ( R o>1.2%) of 11.18×1 0 8 t; The total shale oil resources in the third sub member of the seventh member of Yanchang Formation (Chang 7 3 sub member) are 66.80×1 0 8 t, among which the interlayer shale oil resources are 27.73×1 0 8 t, and the pure shale oil resources are 39.07×1 0 8 t; The total shale oil resources in Lucaogou Formation are 15.62×1 0 8 t, among which the interlayer shale oil resources are 11.99×1 0 8 t, and the pure shale oil resources are 3.63×1 0 8 t. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wang Yongxiang, Yang Tao, Ju Xiujuan, Xu Xiaolin, Hu Xiaochun Status of proven economic recoverable oil and gas reserves in China China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (1): 26-37.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.01.003 Abstract （378）   HTML    PDF （924KB）（8）    Knowledge map    Save Economic recoverable reserves are the core assets of oil companies. The cumulative proven oil and gas reserves in China at the end of 2005 and 2020 are compared to demonstrate the growth trend of various types of reserves. By applying evaluation indexes such as growth rates of reserves and output, economic recovery factor, economic reserve-production ratio, recovery degree, and oil (gas) recovery rate, the cumulative characteristics of proven developed reserves are systematically analyzed, showing the “four drop and two rise” trend of proven oil and gas reserves, “scissors differential” trend of crude oil reserve-production, and distinctly declined gas reserves life and fatigue increase of gas output, which support to propose the “red line” of reserve-production ratio for national natural gas energy development. The analysis shows that the proven undeveloped oil and gas reserves are characterized by large scale, high proportion, large increment, rapid increase,poor quality, long development life and large reserve assets. Based on the understanding of overall inferior proven reserves in China, it is suggested to emphasize beneficial exploration, control the quality of annually added economic recoverable reserves, accelerate the production of proved undeveloped reserves, and strengthen the dynamic reserve management. In addition, the sequence analysis of proven economic recoverable oil and gas reserves should be strengthened and the research on characteristics should be deepened, which will play an important role in establishing a reserve asset management system with the core of economic recoverable reserves and consolidating the foundation for sustainable development of Chinese oil companies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wu Yiping, Yi Chenggao, Liu Yaqian, Liu Shenaoyi, Men Ke, Sun Dufen Natural gas development strategy of international oil companies in the context of energy transition and its enlightenment China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (6): 22-31.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.06.003 Abstract （506）   HTML    PDF （882KB）（17）    Knowledge map    Save Affected by Russia-Ukraine conflicts and slow decarbonization process, the global natural gas market presents a new development trend in 2022. Based on the judgment of global natural gas price and supply and demand situation, the cost prices of LNG projects are analyzed, and the integrated development strategies of low-cost natural gas of international oil companies (IOCs) are researched. The results show that the global natural gas market is in the premium stage. The demand side is long-term bullish, while the supply side responses rapidly. The volume of long-trade nature gas contracts has significantly increased. Driven by requirements of dual carbon and cost reduction and benefits increase, the unit cost of key LNG projects of IOCs generally shows a downtrend. In the next 10 years, IOCs will continue to expand the natural gas industry chain by increasing the proportion of natural gas and LNG production, increasing the low-carbon investment and renewable energy expenditure, developing CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage) technology for zero carbon emissions, and building an integrated development mode of natural gas business chain. Finally, it is suggested that Chinese oil companies should continue to highlight the leading position of natural gas, increase the investment in natural gas /LNG business, build a powerful LNG project reserve, transform from the traditional integrated upstream and downstream to the integration of business chain, and reduce carbon emissions of traditional natural gas business by applying CCUS technology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhao Wenzhi, Zhu Rukai, Zhang Jingya, Yang Jingru Classification, exploration and development status and development trend of continental shale oil in China China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (4): 1-13.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.04.001 Abstract （404）   HTML    PDF （970KB）（6）    Knowledge map    Save By comprehensively analyzing the current classification scheme of shale oil at home and abroad, and comparing the exploration and development history, shale oil reserves and output status, and production performance of horizontal wells in China and the United States, the differences in geological conditions, resource quality, recoverability, economy and scale of shale oil between the two countries are analyzed. It is proposed to define the continental shale oil zones in China by using the nomenclature of “geographical location + shale oil” or “geographical location + stratigraphic unit + shale oil”. Furthermore, the shale oil types are classified according to two levels: Firstly, the shale oil is divided into three types based on the sandstone-to-formation ratio (the ratio of source rock to reservoir) or sedimentary facies zones, namely tight oil type shale oil, transitional type shale oil, and pure shale oil; Then the pure shale oil is further subdivided into medium-high mature shale oil and medium-low mature shale oil, or in another way, it is subdivided into light oil, thin oil, heavy oil, and viscous oil zones based on the maturity or oil properties. For the medium-high mature continental shale oil targets, efforts should be focused on the evaluation of enrichment zones/intervals in high-pressure zones, as well as trial production, and research on optimal production technology before 2025, so as to reduce costs to the maximum extent and improve initial single-well production and cumulative output. It is estimated that the annual shale oil output in China will be 600×104t to 1000×10 4t. During the 2025-2035, technology will be further upgraded and optimized to reduce costs, and the annual shale oil output is expected to be 1200×10 4t to 1500×10 4t, growing to be a major supplement to crude oil production with an annual capacity of 2×10 8t/a. As for medium-low mature shale oil, pilot test on the in-situ conversion of shale oil in Chang 7 3 sub-member in Ordos Basin is focused at present; At around 2030, the critical equipment and core technologies will be localized hopefully, and the large-scale and commercial development of shale oil will be achieved, with an annual shale oil output of ten millions of tons. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lei Qun, Weng Dingwei, Cai Bo, He Chunming, Shi Yang, Ma Zeyuan Progress, key challenges and countermeasures of reservoir stimulation technology of PetroChina China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (5): 15-27.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.05.002 Abstract （502）   HTML    PDF （1123KB）（8）    Knowledge map    Save In order to guarantee the policy of national energy resources security and accelerate domestic oil and gas production, confronting growing complex exploration objects, innovation and advance in reservoir stimulation are the most significant drivers for discovering resources and increasing reserves. By comprehensively reviewing the development history of reservoir stimulation and analyzing technical challenges for exploration target characteristics of PetroChina Company Limited (PetroChina), main progress of reservoir stimulation is systematically summarized, including the optimized design of fracture-controlled stimulation to maximize the release of reserves, the increasing operational capability of fracturing equipment, more robust downhole tools, lower cost of fracturing fluid and improved personalization, and the obvious trend of proppant to low-cost and small mesh size. The supporting role of reservoir stimulation for exploration discovery is clarified. A comprehensive analysis of the key problems faced by hydraulic fracturing is conducted in four aspects: i.e., primary elements of fracturing, fracturing design optimization, field operation quality, and technology evolution. Specifically, the countermeasures in four aspects are proposed: (1) igniting innovation of basic research to provide theoretical support for the progress of fracturing technology; (2) promoting the quality of five primary elements to support the high-quality development of reservoir stimulation technology; (3) promoting the precise technical scheme to provide guidance for more efficient exploration and development of oil and gas; (4) increasing the efficiency of technical management to create a new mode of efficient treatment of engineering management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bao Hanyong, Zhao Shuai, Liang Bang, Zhou lin, Liu Haotian Enrichment and high yield of shale gas in the Permian Wujiaping Formation in Hongxing area of eastern Sichuan and its exploration implications China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (1): 71-82.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.01.007 Abstract （255）   HTML    PDF （3560KB）（13）    Knowledge map    Save Constrained by geological conditions such as rapid facies change, thin thickness, and great burial depth of shale formation in the Permian Wujiaping Formation in Sichuan Basin, no major breakthrough has been made in unconventional gas exploration. In 2020, a risk exploration well HY-1HF was drilled and commercial gas flow of 8.9×104m3/d was obtained during well test, showing good exploration potential of shale gas in the Permian Wujiaping Formation in Hongxing area of eastern Sichuan Basin. In order to identify the main controlling factors for the enrichment and high yield of the Permian shale gas and its exploration implications, well drilling, logging and geochemical experiment data are analyzed. The study results indicate that deposits of deep-water shelf facies were generally developed in the second member of Wujiaping Formation (Wu 2 member), as well as high-quality organic-rich shale, with the characteristics of “four high and one thin”, namely, high TOC, high porosity, high gas content, high carbonate content and thin shale reservoir thickness (<20 m). Hongxing area is located in the tectonically stable zone, with good preservation conditions; In addition, the reservoir is conducive to fracture treatment owning to its rock mechanical features of low Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. On the whole, it is a high-quality deep marine formation for shale gas exploration in combination with the excellent sealing conditions of roof and floor. The evaluation results conclude that Longjuba, Jiannan and Sanxing blocks are favorable exploration zones in Hongxing area of eastern Sichuan Basin. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wei Qing, Wang Zuoqian, Chen Xi, Cui Hongjia Research on development characteristics and cooperation mode of global main oil and gas fields China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (6): 122-136.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.06.013 Abstract （244）   HTML    PDF （879KB）（15）    Knowledge map    Save In the context of the continuous adjustment and reconstruction of the world economic pattern, changes in the international energy situation, and structural reform of the petroleum industry, specific cooperative development mode has been formed in large oil and gas fields, so as to achieve the high-efficiency promotion of oil and gas development projects and high-quality development of oil companies.The development status of global main oil and gas fields are systematically reviewed, and the regional distribution, production and reserve distribution, reserve-production ratio and variation of production rate of main oil and gas fields are identified. The cooperative development modes of main oil and gas fields are summarized and analyzed from six aspects, including the main contract modes, operation modes,shareholding strategies of international oil companies, and development characteristics in different stages, to determine the influence of resource types, development stages and other invisible factors on project benefits. On this basis, understanding and enlightenment are obtained in four aspects: (1) The capacity construction of the main oil and gas fields is highly regular, in which the appropriate entry time and method are particularly important; (2) Onshore conventional crude oil provides the main part of profits, and the main deep-water oil fields are the key development fields in the future; (3) The core assets of international oil companies contribute significantly to the production, and the core production areas are of great strategic significance; (4) Chinese oil companies should continuously track the trading trend of international oil companies and strive for opportunities for cooperative development of large oil and gas fields. Facing the international oil and gas market,Chinese oil companies should fully refer to the cooperative development experience of global main oil and gas fields, as well as promote their strengths and avoid their weaknesses, so as to ensure the high-quality development of the strategy of “going global”. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Huang Fei, Zhang Muzhen, Lei Zhanxiang, Zeng Baoquan, Wang Bin, Li Zuxin, Qu Tailai Trends of national oil companies in the context of energy transition and enlightenments China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (6): 80-87.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.06.009 Abstract （339）   HTML    PDF （486KB）（30）    Knowledge map    Save In 2021, oil and gas production of national oil companies accounted for nearly 50% of the total amount in the world. On the other hand, national oil companies are facing huge pressure of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In order to adapt to the changing energy market,the latest performance of national oil companies in the context of energy transition is analyzed, and relevant suggestions are proposed based on China’s national conditions and the actual situation of oil and gas supply. The analysis results show that Chinese oil companies should integrate traditional energy and new energy, and gradually transfer to alternative energy resources, so as to achieve stable energy supply and sustainable development. First, the trend of decarbonization should closely be followed and carbon emission reduction requirements should strictly be complied; Second, the asset portfolio should be optimized to decentralize key risks; Third, the leadership of technological innovation should be strengthened and the CCUS industrial chain system should be built; Fourth, research and innovation should be implemented, and the development of new energy fields should be diversified. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wu Yugen, Men Xiangyong, Lou Yu New progress and prospect of coalbed methane exploration and development in China during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period China Petroleum Exploration    2024, 29 (1): 1-13.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.01.001 Abstract （390）   HTML    PDF （3914KB）（4）    Knowledge map    Save The development of coalbed methane (CBM) helps to achieve the goal of peak carbon and carbon neutrality as early as possible, and the industrialization of CBM development has basically been achieved in China. However, restricted by theoretical and technological factors, the development scale does not match the abundant resources. Since the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, new progress has been made in CBM exploration and development, including five aspects: (1) The large-scale development of deep CBM has begun in China, and the growth rate of CBM output has significantly accelerated; (2) Major breakthrough has been made the exploration and development of deep CBM, greatly expanding the space for industrial development; (3) Remarkable results have been achieved in reservoir stimulation and reconstruction of difficult to recover resources such as low-efficiency areas and thin coal seams in mature gas fields; (4) Compared with the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, the research focus has shifted from medium-shallow to deep CBM, great innovations have been made in CBM development theory and technology represented by large-scale horizontal well multi-stage fracturing technology in four aspects of geological understanding, drilling and completion, fracturing, and drainage and production, significantly increasing the gas production; (5) The policy environment of CBM industry has continuously been optimized. The preliminary study shows that China has abundant deep CBM resources, and deep CBM resources with a burial depth of greater than 1500 m are more than twice as those with a burial depth of small than 1500 m; The proven CBM reserves in China are dominated by middle-shallow CBM, but the recovery rate is only 7%, indicating considerable remaining resources. In addition, there are abundant CBM resources in thin coal seams in the mature gas fields, which are the realistic replacement resources. Therefore, the major breakthrough of deep CBM and the successful reservoir stimulation and reconstruction in mature gas fields have become the main driving force leading the rapid development of CBM industry, which have shown promising prospects. Based on the research results by several institutions and experts, it is expected that CBM output in China will reach 100×10 8 m 3 in 2025 and 300×10 8 m 3 in 2035. On the other hand, CBM development in China is faced with many challenges. For example, the geological theory and understanding in the new fields of deep CBM and thin coal seams need to be deeply and systematically studied, exploration and development engineering technology for deep CBM is still in the research stage, and the policy support for industrial development still needs improvement. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen risk CBM exploration and favorable zone selection and evaluation in new fields, strengthen theoretical and technical research on high-efficiency CBM exploration and development, and strengthen policy support and development guidance for CBM industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wang Qinhua, Yang Haijun, Cai Zhenzhong, Li Yong, Yang Xianzhang, Chen Cai, Chen Changchao Exploration breakthrough and significance of Ordovician fault controlled karst hydrocarbon reservoirs of Well Luotan1 in Maigaiti Slope of Tarim Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2024, 29 (2): 1-15.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.02.001 Abstract （337）         Knowledge map    Save The Luotan1 well in the Maigaiti slope of Tarim Basin has made a new breakthrough in the Ordovician carbonate rocks, marking the first exploration breakthrough of a new type of Ordovician fault controlled karst carbonate reservoirs in the Maigaiti slope and marking the discovery of an important strategic replacement area in the slope area. Based on regional drilling, logging, seismic and other data, a comprehensive analysis of the laboratory data of well Luotan1 is carried out to further understand the reservoir formation conditions of Ordovician carbonate rocks in the Maigaiti slope. The formation of Ordovician carbonate fault controlled karst reservoirs in the Maigaiti slope is mainly related to strike slip fault activity, and is one of the three main reservoir formation models in the Maigaiti slope. At present, it has been discovered that hydrocarbon in the Maigaiti slope comes from the source rocks of the Cambrian Yuertus Formation, and the basement paleostructure controls the sedimentation and distribution of the Lower Cambrian source rocks. The slope area has three stages of hydrocarbon charging and accumulation: the Caledonian, Hercynian-Indosinian, and Himalayan periods. Hydrocarbon source rocks, paleotectonic evolution, and the faults connecting hydrocarbon source rocks control the multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation. The fault active stages and fault penetrating layers determine the hydrocarbon enrichment layers and reservoir properties. The Maigaiti slope is characterized by well-developed Ordovician strike slip faults, with an extension distance of over 1000km, which control the distribution of fault controlled karst carbonate reservoirs and hydrocarbon reservoirs. It has clear zoning characteristics on the plane, with a large resource scale and strong deployability, demonstrating huge exploration potential. It is an important practical field for large-scale hydrocarbon exploration discovery and strategic succession in the southwestern Tarim Basin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhang Yi, Bu Xiangqian, Qi Yin, Yang Yongzhi, Chen Yazhou, Hou Xiaoyun, Wang Rui, Zhang Bin, Tong Song Geology and engineering integrated development countermeasures of Chang 7 member shale oil reservoir in Jiyuan Oilfield, Ordos Basin: a case study of An 83 well block China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (5): 116-129.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.05.011 Abstract （313）   HTML    PDF （3245KB）（7）    Knowledge map    Save Chang 7 member oil reservoir is a major production layer in Jiyuan Oilfield in Ordos Basin, which is characterized by deep burial depth, complex oil-water contact and strong reservoir heterogeneity, so the technology of geology and engineering integration is a necessary method to improve the result of water injection development. Guided by the integration of geology and engineering, rock mechanic parameters are corrected in calculation model established by lab test results, and rock mechanic parameters and in-situ stress of single well are calculated by core and logging data, mechanic parameter and in-situ stress field models of the block are built by random modeling method,and the distribution direction of hydraulic fractures is characterized according to the in-situ stress distribution. The development well pattern is optimally designed based on permeability and in-situ stress distribution. The numerical simulation technology is used to optimize well pattern and development countermeasures, and the model is established and continuously updated with the goal of EOR, forming an integrated technology of in-situ stress analysis, geological modeling, oil reservoir engineering design, and numerical simulation. The research shows that the flat management structure and multidisciplinary cooperation enable to efficiently develop oil reservoir. The integration of fine geological description and dynamic analysis supports to continuously update the geological model and establish a model closer to the real geological condition. The random modeling method constructed in-situ stress field model by using rock mechanic data of core samples, logging data and fracturing engineering data shows good agreement with dynamic performance, which provides a basis for dynamic analysis, well pattern optimization and deployment. The dynamic well pattern optimization and development technology countermeasures effectively guided the development of Chang 7 member oil reservoir in An 83 well block. During the refracturing process, the engineering parameters were optimally designed, with the half length of fracture of 120 m, the width of fracture of 30 m, conductivity of the main fracture of 15 D·cm, and that of the secondary fracture of 1 D·cm. Good results were achieved from the five optimized wells after construction, with oil production increase multiple significantly higher than that of the adjacent well, and production capacity increase by 30.46% of the adjacent well.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Yang Yang, Zheng Xingfan, Xiao Yuxiang, Lei Zhengdong, Xing Housong, Xiong Tie, Liu Mingyang, Liu Shujian, Hou Mingqiu, Zhang Yali Progress in exploration and development of high-mature shale oil of PetroChina China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (3): 23-33.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.03.003 Abstract （381）   HTML    PDF （909KB）（12）    Knowledge map    Save Shale oil is an important strategic resource to ensure the long-term steady oil production and production growth in China.PetroChina has made significant exploration breakthroughs in Ordos, Junggar, and Songliao basins, and has discovered shale oil with various lithofacies association types. In order to ensure the steady oil production of 2×10 8 ton/a and improve the security of national energy supply,PetroChina strengthened its efforts in shale oil exploration and development in 2021 and achieved progress in four aspects: (1) The large-scale shale oil development has been conducted in Longdong area, and an integral shale oil demonstration zone has been established with a capacity of one million tons; (2) The construction of Xinjiang Jimsar and Daqing Gulong National Continental Shale Oil Demonstration Zones has been promoted, obtaining shale oil production capacity of up to one million tons in Jimsar area and opening a new chapter in pure type shale oil development in Gulong area; (3) Great efforts have continuously been made in new areas, and historic exploration breakthroughs have been achieved in several basins; (4) The theory, technology, and management have continuously been innovated, obtaining significant results in quality and efficiency improvement. On the whole, the exploration and development different types of shale oil are still in different stages, but there is still a gap to achieve the large-scale benefit development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Huang Xiaoqing, He Yong, Cui Huan, Ji Yongcheng, Wang Xin, Han Yongsheng, Wang Congcong Practice and understanding of stereoscopic development of Taiyang Shallow Shale Gas Field in Zhaotong demonstration block China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (2): 70-80.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.02.007 Abstract （355）   HTML    PDF （2529KB）（4）    Knowledge map    Save Since the large-scale development of Taiyang Shallow Shale Gas Field in Zhaotong demonstration block, there has been always problems such as low reserve production rate and low recovery factor caused by the development mode of large well spacing and single target layer, which also bring severe engineering risks for the later well pattern infill or adjustment. Therefore, pilot well group with small well spacing is deployed and implemented in Platform TYH11 for stereoscopic development of Taiyang Shallow Shale Gas Field. Based on hydraulic fracture simulation and production numerical simulation methods, the whole process evaluation of “pilot well deployment-drillingfracturing-production-production capacity” is conducted by applying geological, drilling, fracturing and production test data. The study results indicate that : (1) ClassⅠ+Ⅱ reservoir in first sub member of the first member of Longmaxi Formation (Long 11 sub member) in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng- Lower Silurian has conditions for high-yield production and basis for multi-target production in vertical; (2) The engineering technology series have been developed for the whole process of drilling, fracturing and well testing, which enable the successful implementation of stereoscopic development well groups with small well spacing; (3) The stereoscopic development mode with small well spacing supports to effectively increase the reserve production rate by 23.0% and the recovery factor by 11.0%; (4) The communication of natural fractures causes pressure channeling interference within the well group and with adjacent wells, which greatly impacts on the production of old wells; (5) The frac-hit is aggravated by the change of in-situ stress field around the adjacent old producing wells, so it is recommended to keep a well spacing of at least 380-500 m between the new well and the old well. The study results lay a foundation for the promotion and application, overall development plan design, development policy formulation, and large-scale and beneficial stereoscopic development of Taiyang Shallow Shale Gas Field in Zhaotong demonstration block. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhang Yu, Mao Qingyan, Li Haiying, Li Zongjie, Han Jun, Lin Bo Characteristics and practical application of ultra-deep fault-controlled fracturedcavity type reservoir in central Shunbei area China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (1): 1-13.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.01.001 Abstract （364）   HTML    PDF （6677KB）（12）    Knowledge map    Save The ultra-deep carbonate reservoir is characterized by strong spatial heterogeneity, and the interpretation of the internal reservoir structure is limited by the accuracy of seismic data, leading to the difficulty in predicting the distribution of large-scale reservoirs. By taking Shunbei No.4 fault zone of the NE-trending fault system in the central part of Shunbei area as the study object, physical simulation experiment of reservoir formation by the fractured fault structure, fine calibration of well-seismic data, forward modeling, reservoir characterization and reservoir geological modeling are conducted. The study results show that multiple groups of fractured-cavity aggregates composed of cavities and fracture zones were developed near the fault plane. As a result, a structural model of grid reservoir in strike-slip fault is proposed, and the genetic mechanism and main controlling factors of grid reservoir in strike-slip fault are identified. An “integrated multi-grid” structure model of large-scale reservoir in fault zone is constructed, and the technology of spatial positioning of fault-controlled reservoir and the classified well trajectory design of “one well with multi-control, one well with one target and one well with multiple targets” is developed. The application of the study results has guided the well trajectory design in Shunbei No.4 and No.8 fault zones, realized the goal of “high output by drilling few wells” of complex fault-controlled fractured-cavity oil and gas reservoirs, and supported to add a new position with capacity of one million tons, which have certain guidance and reference significance for the exploration of ultra-deep fault-controlled reservoirs in other basins in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wang Guoting, Jia Ailin, Meng Dewei, Han Jiangchen, Shao Hui, Ji Guang Development effect, key technology and important enlightenment in Sunan international cooperation zone in Sulige Gasfield China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (2): 44-56.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.02.005 Abstract （236）   HTML    PDF （1016KB）（4）    Knowledge map    Save The benefit development of Sulige Gasfield faced great challenges after its discovery. In order to learn from international advanced technologies and management thoughts, an international cooperative development mode has been established between Total and PetroChina (operator) to achieve development breakthroughs. More than 10 years’ international cooperative practice shows that, the production performance of a single well in international cooperation zone is significantly better than that in self-operated development zone given the same reservoir geological conditions. Therefore, it is of great significance to systematically summarize the development technologies to improve the development effect in self-operated development zones. Different from the development concept of pursuing large-scale benefits and cost control in self-operated development zones, the economic benefits and positive cash flow are targeted and risk control is centered in international cooperation zone. In addition, six main development technologies have been formed by research and practical tests for several years, including 3D seismic-geological fusion reservoir evaluation, grid partition and checkerboard cluster well pattern deployment, well factory drilling and completion operation, TAP Lite layered fracturing reservoir reconstruction, moderate pressure relief and intermittent gas production well management, and speed string measures for production increase. By comparing development technologies applied in self-operated zones, five key development technologies are determined to be referred and three important enlightenments are concluded: (1) Continuously deepen geological study to support high-quality deployment; (2) Strengthen the top-level optimization design to support scientific and orderly implementation; (3) Strengthen the whole process management and quality control to boost the development results. The absorption and reference of key development technologies and important experience in international cooperation zone provide strong support for the improvement of development effect in new tight gas zones. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wang Qinghua, Yang Haijun, Xu Zhenping, Yang Xianzhang, Li Yong, Cai Zhenzhong, Zhou Lu Major breakthrough and exploration significance of Well Ketan 1 in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (2): 1-10.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.02.001 Abstract （416）   HTML    PDF （10186KB）（57）    Knowledge map    Save A major breakthrough has been obtained in the glutenite reservoir in the lower member of the Cretaceous Yagelem Formation in Well Ketan 1 located in Kela 2 trap of Kelasu Structural Belt in Tarim Basin, realizing the idea of “discovering another Kela gas field below Kela Gas Field”, which is of great significance to the exploration of the deep Cretaceous. The in-depth study of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, reservoir physical properties and structural model in Well Ketan 1 is conducted, which supports to identify the hydrocarbon accumulation assemblage of “hydrocarbon supply by source rock in the Jurassic-Triassic, fractured type sandstone reservoir in Yagelem Formation,and mudstone cap rock in Shushanhe Formation” and establish a new hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of “lower generation and upper storage,vertical transport and stereoscopic accumulation” in Kelasu Structural Belt. The successful drilling of Well Ketan1 confirms that there is superior reservoir-cap rock assemblage below the Cretaceous Bashijiqik Formation in Kelasu Structural Belt, and the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions are more favorable when approaching to the deep source rock. In addition, the fault-anticline traps in Yagelem Formation are developed in rows and belts, which show great resource potential and can form a new strategic replacement area for gas exploration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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He Faqi, Zhang Yu, Wang Fubin, Zhang Ru, Zhang Wei, Qi Rong, An Chuan, Li Xiaowei, Deng Jie Petroleum exploration progress and new field of Sinopec in Ordos Basin during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (5): 1-12.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.05.001 Abstract （666）   HTML    PDF （6063KB）（17）    Knowledge map    Save In the early 13 th Five-Year Plan period, petroleum exploration of Sinopec North China Oil & Gas Company in Ordos Basin was faced with challenges in producing natural gas reserves, unclear understanding of oil accumulation law, and uncertain resource replacement fields. In the past five years, by strengthening the integral structure and sedimentary evolution study in the basin, the differential configuration of hydrocarbon accumulation elements was analyzed, understanding of gas differential accumulation in the Upper Paleozoic in the transitional zone at the northern basin margin was innovatively formed, and the exploration and development technology for complex water-bearing gas reservoir in basin margin was developed, which supported to discover Dongsheng Gas Field; Based on the reprocessing and interpretation of 3D seismic data, hydrocarbon accumulation in the Mesozoic tight sandstone fault-fracture body in the transitional zone at the southern basin margin was identified, and new “sweet point” types of the Mesozoic tight oil were evaluated by using “six-determination” description method of fault-fracture body oil reservoir; The fault-fracture controlled karst reservoir in marine carbonate rocks was discovered by largearea 3D seismic data reprocessing, and the reservoir development and hydrocarbon accumulation pattern in large unconformity carbonate karst reservoirs in the Lower Paleozoic was proposed. After identifying and predicting the distribution of carbonate karst reservoirs, favorable zones were selected and evaluated, and carbonate exploration in the Paleozoic in the southern basin was strengthened, which supported to prove two gas replacement fields with reserve of hundred billion cubic meter level. Finally, petroleum exploration results were summarized and geological understanding was formed that the strike-slip fault system is widely developed in the basin and karst reservoirs are controlled by faults. The comprehensive analysis indicates that the karst zones controlled by multi-stage active strike-slip faults below the deep marine carbonate weathering crust and the complex tight clastic reservoir in the peripheral basin are major exploration prospects and fields during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhang Ningning, Wang Jianjun, Wang Qing, Liu Mingming, Cao Qingchao, Li Qian, Wang Yankun, He Yuanyuan Development trends and strategies of major international oil companies in the new context China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (6): 32-40.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.06.004 Abstract （382）   HTML    PDF （575KB）（14）    Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the worldwide pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and energy transition have been intertwined, and the petroleum industry has undergone profound changes. The development strategies of major oil companies are worthy of reference. By analyzing the fundamental dynamics and development strategies and tendencies of major international oil companies in the new context, their dynamic development features are summarized as follows: (1) International oil companies have recovered better than anticipated in the new context, but investments in traditional upstream businesses remain low while low-carbon investments continue to increase; (2) National oil corporations start to focus on low-carbon transition while actively promoting exploration and development of local resources; (3) Independent oil companies continue to reduce debts and consolidate core assets to achieve regional synergies. The study results indicate that: (1) Major oil companies gradually contract their global upstream business layout and concentrate more on their core assets and core areas; (2) Unconventional oil and gas businesses are severely impacted by energy transition strategies, and European and American oil companies are evidently differentiated; (3) International oil companies continue to increase low-carbon inves tments and take multiple measures to promote ener gy transition; (4) Vigorously develop natural gas business and expand natural gas value chain. It is recommended that Chinese oil companies should continue to increase investments in upstream business, actively acquire high-quality overseas resources to ensure energy security,strengthen their ties with national oil corporations, promote the construction of core production areas, strengthen the coordinated development of oil and gas and new energy businesses, strengthen risk management awareness, and employ economic means to escort the sustainable development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wu Songtao, Zhu Rukai, Luo Zhong, Yang Zhi, Jiang Xiaohua, Lin Minjie, Su Ling Laminar structure of typical continental shales and reservoir quality evaluation in central-western basins in China China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (5): 62-72.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.05.006 Abstract （296）   HTML    PDF （13793KB）（7）    Knowledge map    Save Continental shale oil has grown to be one of the major replacement fields for petroleum exploration in China. The laminar structure,a unique fabric feature of shale, significantly influences the evaluation of source rock quality, reservoir quality and engineering quality, which has attracted increasing attention for study. By taking typical organic-rich shales in saline and fresh-brackish lake basins in the central-western China as study objects, the characteristics of laminar structure are analyzed and their influence on the selection of sweet spot is discussed. The results show that: (1) The laminar structure varies in different types of lake basins, which is affected by the salinity of lake basin. The carbonate laminar is mainly developed in saline lake basin, but less in fresh-brackish lake basin; (2) The laminar structure has strong heterogeneity of sub-millimeter level. There are differences in TOC and pore structure among different laminae, and the quality of the same type of laminae varies greatly in various basins; (3) The laminar structure determines the characteristics of microscopic shale oil migration and accumulation as well as the enrichment mode of “in-situ source rock and reservoir”, and affects the retained hydrocarbon content, fluid mobility and fracturing engineering. The fine evaluation of laminar structure of continental shale and identification of the favorable lithofacies zone for high-quality shale development are the critical issues for petroleum exploration from outside to inside the source rock, which are the basis for the discovery of economic and effective resources inside the source rock and have great significance for the selection of shale oil “sweet spot area” and “sweet spot interval”. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Liu Deguang, Wang Yutao, Yang Haibo, Li Shihong, Liu Chaowei, Han Yang, Chen Mengna Genesis types and distribution of crude oil in Fukang Sag and its peripheral bulges, Junggar Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (1): 94-107.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.01.009 Abstract （152）   HTML    PDF （2759KB）（10）    Knowledge map    Save In order to identify the genesis and distribution of crude oil in Fukang Sag and its peripheral bulges in Junggar Basin, the latest geochemical data of source rocks and crude oil as well as petroleum exploration data are used to evaluate the geochemical characteristics of various source rocks, which enable to divide the genesis of crude oil into four types, clarify the genetic relationship between crude oil and source rocks,and determine the spatial distribution of crude oil with different genesis types. The study results show that type Ⅰ crude oil was mainly generated by source rocks of the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation and distributed in Shanan, Beisantai, and Santai oilfields and deep formation of the Permian-Triassic in Fukang Sag; Type Ⅱ crude oil was generated by source rocks of the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation, and distributed in Shabei Oilfield, Fubei and Fudong slopes and the Jurassic in the sag; Type Ⅲ crude oil was the mixture generated by the Permian and Jurassic source rocks and distributed in the Jurassic in Cainan Oilfield and west Cainan block, as well as the western slope of Beisantai Bulge; Type Ⅳ crude oil was generated by source rocks of B member of the Carboniferous Songkaersu Formation, and mainly distributed in Fukang Sag and the adjacent bulges.The oil and gas generated by the Permian source rocks in Fukang Sag mostly accumulated in high-quality reservoirs and seal assemblage of the Permian and Lower Triassic, showing great exploration potential. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhi Dongming, Li Jianzhong, Yang Fan, Kang Jilun, Zhang Wei, Ma Qiang, Tao Linben Geological characteristics and exploration and development practice of the Permian full oil and gas system in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (4): 14-23.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.04.002 Abstract （179）   HTML    PDF （12410KB）（9）    Knowledge map    Save Based on the study of source rock, sediment source system, tectonic evolution and dynamic matching relationship between hydrocarbon source and reservoir, the Permian oil and gas bearing system in Jimsar Sag is analyzed in detail. The study results indicate that the Permian in Jimsar Sag has favorable geological conditions for forming full oil and gas system. On the plane, shale oil, tight oil, conventional glutenite oil reservoirs are distributed in sequence from the central to the marginal sag, and tight oil, shale oil, conventional glutenite oil reservoirs are distributed upward around the high-quality source rock in Lucaogou Formation, showing the overall hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of “full oil and gas system”. Guided by this understanding, breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of three types of oil reservoirs, basically forming a pattern of oil bearing in the whole sag and orderly co-occurrence and superposition of multi-layer and multi type oil reservoirs. By applying the large platform and multi-layer stereoscopic development mode, the exploration idea and technology for maximizing the benefit resource utilization are gradually mature in practice. The detailed analysis of geological characteristics, hydrocarbon accumulation pattern, and exploration and development practice of the Permian full oil and gas system in Jimsar Sag is of great significance for enriching the exploration theory of the full oil and gas system and guiding the exploration and development in similar oil rich sags. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hu Yingjie, Cai Guogang, Liu Xingzhou, Zhou Yan, Xie Baoguo, Yang Guangda, Guo Ping, Zhang Dongwei, Wong Wensheng, Wang Weicheng, Zou Bingfang, Cui Xiangdong Great discovery and significance of natural gas exploration in deep to ultra-deep formation in eastern tidal zone of Liaohe Depression China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (2): 24-34.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.02.003 Abstract （276）   HTML    PDF （5756KB）（47）    Knowledge map    Save With the increasing degree of exploration and development, “whether breakthroughs can be achieved in deep to ultra-deep formation” has become an important scientific issue affecting the stable development of mature oil fields in eastern China. It is particularly prominent in Liaohe Oilfield due to the small mining rights area, and extremely difficult in Liaohe Depression because of its narrow lake basin and poor data quality. The regional tectonic evolution is analyzed and hydrocarbon-generating kinetics and hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics are researched to identify the mechanisms of basin formation, hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in eastern tidal zone of Liaohe Depression. The study results show that: (1) Controlled by the dustpan structure of the protype lake basin, the main source rocks were characterized by “great burial depth, large thickness and wide distribution area”; (2) Two genetic types of mature-highly mature gas, i.e.,kerogen pyrolysis type and crude oil cracking type, were developed in deep formation, showing great resource potential; (3) An independent “fluid sealing box” was developed in deep to ultra-deep formation by the coupling of two factors of multi-set argillaceous rocks in the sedimentary filling sequence and the early strike-slip shear faults, forming two types of hydrocarbon accumulation modes, namely selfgeneration and self-storage type and side-generation and side-storage type, which had favorable geological conditions for the formation of medium to large-scale gas reservoir. A major breakthrough has been achieved in risk exploration well Kuitan 1, which provide significant practical and hydrocarbon accumulation theory guidance to further deepen the exploration of deep to ultra-deep formation in Liaohe Depression and even fault basins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wang Yongxiang, Yang Tao, Xu Xiaolin, Ju Xiujuan, Hu Xiaochun Characteristics of the proved new addition economic recoverable oil and gas reserves in China China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (5): 13-26.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.05.002 Abstract （417）   HTML    PDF （1048KB）（10）    Knowledge map    Save Since 2005, the economic recoverable oil and gas reserve, a new category of reserve indicator, has been established in China. The process of the newly increased economic recoverable reserve in China and major oil companies is summarized, and the basic characteristics of the proved new addition oil and gas reserves as well as 38 newly proved large to extra-large scale oil/gas fields or blocks from the 11 th Five-Year Plan to the 13 th Five-Year Plan period in China are discussed. After analyzing the history of the proved new addition economic recoverable oil and gas reserves in China and PetroChina, the distribution and classification characteristics of reserve size, reserve abundance,porosity and permeability of reservoir and burial depth are focused. Then the proved new addition oil and gas reserves in China in the past 15 years are comprehensively evaluated by applying indicators such as finding reserve replacement ratio (FRRR) and technical/economic recovery factor. The study results show that the proved new addition oil and gas reserves have the trend of “three decreases and three increases”, that is, the decrease of FRRR, recovery factor and scale of the integrated oil/gas field, and the increase of tight reservoir, low to ultra-low abundant reserve and burial depth, indicating an overall deteriorating of the new addition oil and gas reserves in China. FRRR is an indicator that has strategic significance for the evaluation of exploration effectiveness. It is suggested to speed up the establishment of economic recoverable reserve classification system and management system adapted to the characteristics of Chinese oil companies to better apply to the petroleum exploration field and further meet the needs of reserve development and production increase. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhou Lihong, Chen Changwei, Yang Fei, Cui Yu, Song Shunyao, Guan Quansheng, Zhou Fengchun Research and breakthrough of benefit shale oil development in Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (4): 24-33.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.04.003 Abstract （211）   HTML    PDF （1841KB）（6）    Knowledge map    Save The large-scale and benefit development of shale oil in the second member of Kongdian Formation (Kong 2 member) in Cangdong Sag in Huanghua Depression face multiple challenges, such as evaluation and optimal selection of main production layers of medium-low mature shale oil, stereoscopic development and production of multiple vertical sweet spots, optimal and fast drilling and completion of horizontal section with a length of 2000 m in complex fault blocks, high-efficiency volumetric fracturing of laminated shale reservoir and high-efficiency lifting of shale oil with high viscosity and high wax content. Go through four stages of shale oil exploration, i.e., research, breakthrough in horizontal wells and pilot test of production capacity evaluation, 60% of the horizontal wells in production have a single well EUR of less than 2.0×10 4t, and the low single well oil rate has become a bottleneck problem restricting the benefit development of lacustrine shale oil. By comprehensively analyzing wireline logging, mud logging, fracturing parameters and production data of Kong 2 member shale oil in 47 production wells, the systematic research has been conducted on sweet spot evaluation and optimal selection of sealing box, well pattern deployment, geosteering while drilling, fracturing reconstruction, and production regime for the lacustrine shale oil in complex fault blocks, and three sweet spot layers (C1, C3 and C5) have been identified for benefit shale oil development in Guandong area, with an favorable area of 42-53.3 km 2 and the estimated Class Ⅰ resources of 1.54×10 8t. The pilot test of benefit shale oil development has been conducted on two 10 m-level sweet spot layers (C1③ and C3⑧) in Kong 2 member on No.5 platform in Cangdong Sag, in which the drilling difficulty of long horizontal section by water-based drilling fluids in complex fault blocks has been solved, the high-efficiency fracturing technology for laminated shale oil has been innovated, and permeability improvement, swelling energization and viscosity reduction of miscible fluids have been achieved of the laminated shale reservoir, with the tested single well peak oil output of 39.6-122.3t. As of June 22, 2023, the five pilot wells had been put into production for 174-201 days, and the cumulative oil output was 3.34×10 4t. The predicted cumulative oil output in the first year is 6.5×10 4t, and the average EUR of a single well is 4.11×10 4t, which indicate that the large-scale and benefit development mode of lacustrine shale oil has been established in complex fault blocks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gao Feng, Liu Baolei, Li Maolin, Li Changxuan Global natural gas development trend and enlightenment China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (6): 13-21.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.06.002 Abstract （357）   HTML    PDF （769KB）（12）    Knowledge map    Save In 2021, the contradiction between supply and demand of natural gas in various regions around the world was prominent caused by multiple factors, such as the improved situation of the global COVID-19, slowly recovered world economy, resumed growth of energy consumption, intertwined geopolitical and financial risks, significantly risen and violently fluctuated energy prices. The global natural gas development trend is predicted by analyzing the development direction of the petroleum industry, natural gas supply and demand base level,change trend of trade volume, and natural gas reserves distribution and production change. The results show that natural gas reserves are abundant in the world, and the investment in natural gas exploration and development has rebounded driven by demand growth and price rise;The proportion of natural gas in the world energy consumption structure is increasing, which plays an important role in promoting the global energy transition; The global supply and demand of natural gas shows a pattern of “tight balance”, in which the Asia Pacific region is the major importer of natural gas, and it is expected that natural gas will surpass oil to become the world’s largest energy. In the future, it is suggested that China should actively adjust its energy strategy, enhance its linkage with the international energy market, improve the energy prices monitoring and judgement mechanism, timely adjust its foreign strategic cooperation in energy business, increase domestic investment in natural gas exploration and development, enhance multilateral international energy cooperation, and stick to the bottom line of energy security, accelerate the construction of natural gas operation system integrating “reserve increase, supply secure and price stabilization”, and improve the ability to respond to crises, so as to better cope with the challenges posed by global energy development and natural gas market fluctuations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shao Xiaozhou, Wang Miaomiao, Qi Yalin, Zhao Hongge, Zhang Xiaolei, Sun Bo, Liu Yongtao Characteristics of the Mesozoic faults in Yanchi area and the petroleum geological significance, Ordos Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (5): 83-95.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.05.008 Abstract （330）   HTML    PDF （4109KB）（7）    Knowledge map    Save Faults played an important role in controlling oil accumulation in Yanchi area in the northwestern Ordos Basin. Based on the analysis of the regional geological data and combined with 2D and 3D seismic interpretation results, characteristics of the Mesozoic faults and their relationship with oil reservoir are studied by using technologies such as electron spin resonance (ESR) dating, calcite U-Pb isotope dating,equilibrium section restoration, and tectonophysical simulation. The results show that three stages of faults were developed in Yanchi area. The NW trending fault system in the Indosinian had a small scale and was mainly developed in the Triassic Yanchang Formation; The nearly NS trending fault system in the Yanshanian had the largest scale, with large fault throw and complex lateral and vertical distribution patterns; The NEE trending fault system in the Himalayan had a relatively large scale, late development period, and strike slip feature to a certain extent.The three stages of faults were formed by the regional stress of NW, nearly E-W and NE-SW directions respectively, and the nearly S-N faults were closely related to the activities of the major faults in the western basin margin. The NW trending fault system in the Indosinian connected source rock to reservoir, which delivered good configuration between migration and sealing, showing the most favorable conditions for the accumulation of oil and gas reservoirs. In addition, faults supported to improve the reservoir physical properties to some extent. When the oil well is close to the fault, oil accumulates will be easily accumulated in high permeability reservoirs in the high structural parts and high-yield production will be achieved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhao Zhengwang, Zhang Hang, Zhang Xiaoli, Zeng Lingping Geological characteristics and gas accumulation pattern of tight gas reservoirs in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (3): 121-131.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.03.010 Abstract （205）   HTML    PDF （6597KB）（3）    Knowledge map    Save The exploration of tight gas in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin has always focused in western, central and northern Sichuan Basin, while that in eastern Sichuan Basin has not been attached emphasis due to its complex structural location in ejective fold structural belt, resulting in a low exploration level. In recent years, new breakthroughs have successively been made in the exploration of tight gas in Xujiahe Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin, and high-yield commercial gas flows have been tested in two wells, which show tight gas potential in Xujiahe Formation in the syncline area in eastern Sichuan Basin. From the perspective of source rock, reservoir and structural conditions, the geological characteristics of tight gas reservoir in Xujiahe Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin are analyzed,so as to open a new prelude to the tight gas exploration in eastern Sichuan Basin. The study results show that: (1) The hydrocarbon source of Xujiahe Formation gas reservoir in northeastern Sichuan Basin was mainly supplied by source rocks in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation and the Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation, with high intensity of hydrocarbon generation and characteristics of “hydrocarbon supply by dual sources”, which had the material basis for tight gas accumulation; (2) The matrix pores were underdeveloped in Xujiahe Formation reservoir in northeastern Sichuan Basin, and the “fracture-sand body” served as high-quality reservoir. The large-area sand bodies and quasi-continuous fractures in the fifth member of Xujiahe Formation (Xu 5 member) delivered favorable conditions for the formation of large-scale superior “fracture-sand body” reservoir; (3) The gas reservoir in the fifth member of Xujiahe Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin is characterized by “hydrocarbon supply by dual sources, two-stage gas accumulation and quasi-continuous distribution”, showing superior conditions for gas accumulation. To sum up, Xujiahe Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin has the conditions for forming large-area and “quasi-continuous” gas reservoir, which has great exploration potential and is of great significance for promoting the exploration of tight gas in the syncline area in the ejective fold structural belt in eastern Sichuan Basin. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zhang Yu, Zhao Peirong, Liu Shilin, Liu Chaoying, Cheng Zhe, Chen Qian, Chen Gang, Zhang Feiyan Main exploration progress and development strategy of Sinopec during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period China Petroleum Exploration    2024, 29 (1): 14-31.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.01.002 Abstract （185）   HTML    PDF （18858KB）（0）    Knowledge map    Save A systematic review is conducted on the high-quality exploration activities, theoretical and technological progress, and exploration achievements of Sinopec during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and a development strategy is proposed for the future petroleum exploration. Since the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, Sinopec has strengthened its confidence in resource development and vigorously promoted high-quality exploration practices, which support to make significant exploration achievements in fields such as deep carbonate rocks, continental shale oil, deep shale gas, clastic rocks in western regions, subtle oil and gas reservoirs in mature exploration areas, and deep CBM in Tarim, Sichuan, Bohai Bay, Junggar, and Ordos basins, solidifying reserve basis for stable oil output growth and rapid gas output growth. In addition, significant progress has been made in the development and improvement of deep strike-slip fault-controlled fracture-cavity type hydrocarbon accumulation theory, the innovative shale oil reservoir formation, hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment theory, and the deep understanding of “dual enrichment” of marine shale gas and differential enrichment mechanisms of oil and gas reservoirs in tight clastic rocks. Furthermore, the key exploration and engineering technologies for targets with complex geological and reservoir structural conditions, represented by seismic exploration, well drilling and completion in deep to ultra-deep formations, wireline logging, mud logging and well testing in ultra-deep formation, and horizontal well fracturing, have been researched and developed. Looking ahead, Sinopec has a solid resource foundation in its exploration areas for achieving steady oil output and rapid increase in gas production. The exploration work will focus on three core responsibilities of securing and expanding mining rights areas, achieving exploration breakthroughs, and increasing reserves and resources on a large scale. Guided by deep earth engineering, shale oil and gas demonstration projects, benefit development of tight clastic rock oil and gas reservoirs, and coordination of conventional and unconventional resources, efforts will be strengthened to accelerate the strategic breakthroughs, and establish large-scale reserve increase bases, so as to further consolidate resource foundation for the sustainable development of the upstream. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fang Rui, Jiang Yuqiang, Yang Changcheng, Wang Zhanlei, Sun Shasha, Zhu Xun, Li Shun, Gu Yifan, Zhou Yadong, Liu Dongxi, Luo Yao, Luo Yuzhuo Geological characteristics of shale oil in the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in Sichuan Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (4): 66-78.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.04.007 Abstract （199）   HTML    PDF （9399KB）（39）    Knowledge map    Save In recent years, major breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of the Jurassic lacustrine shale oil in Sichuan Basin, showing great exploration potential. In order to support the further deepening exploration, the field outcrop, logging, well drilling, coring and systematic core sample experimental data are combined to analyze the geochemical characteristics, rock brittleness, pore structure and oil and gas bearing properties of shale with various lithologic combinations in the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, and identify the lithologic combination types of the dominant shale. The results indicate that the lithologic combination of shale interval in Lianggaoshan Formation is classified into three categories and five types, i.e., pure shale combination, shell type shale combination, and siltstone type shale combination; Among the five types of lithologic combinations, shale is in the mature stage, but there are differences in organic matter content, type, and brittle mineral content. The shale of pure shale combination has an average TOC of greater than 1%, Type Ⅱ 1 organic matter, and brittle mineral content of higher than 52%; The organic matter characteristics of the shale of the shell type shale combination are similar to those of the pure shale combination, but the content of brittle minerals is greater than 65%; The shale of the siltstone type shale combination has an average TOC of less than 1%, Type Ⅱ 2 organic matter type, and the brittle mineral content of greater than 65%. The main reservoir space of various combinations is composed of microfractures and inorganic pores (pore diameter of 10-500 nm). The siltstone type shale combination has a larger pore throat and better pore connectivity than the pure shale combination and shell type shale combination. The free hydrocarbon content of the pure shale combination is greater than 1 mg/g, showing good oil-bearing property. OSI of the pure shale combination and the siltstone type shale combination is greater than 100 mg/g of some samples, indicating good oil movability. The comprehensive analysis shows that pure shale combination and siltstone type shale combination are favorable lithologic combination for shale oil exploration. Benefiting from the good fracability, the siltstone type shale combination is the main sweet spot for shale oil exploration in Lianggaoshan Formation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Peng Yun, Xiong Liang, Li Jia, Yi Jiexin, Li Hongwei Status and trend of global carbon pricing mechanism and its impacts on petroleum industry China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (6): 41-53.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.06.005 Abstract （348）   HTML    PDF （739KB）（20）    Knowledge map    Save In the context of promoting carbon emission reduction globally, more and more countries adopt carbon pricing tools to manage and guide carbon emission behavior through economic means. The scope of the international carbon pricing mechanism has expanded continuously, and the carbon price level and the carbon pricing income have risen significantly. However, the international carbon price level is still far below that achieving the temperature control goal in the “Paris Agreement”, and the problem of unbalanced regional development is prominent, showing that the carbon pricing mechanism is mainly implemented in European and American countries, and there is a huge gap in carbon pricing income between developed countries and developing countries. Associated with the acceleration of global climate governance,the international carbon pricing mechanism shows a strengthened trend, with steady growth in quantity and a wave like spiral rise in price level. Although developing countries have accelerated the development of emission trading system and carbon tax, it is difficult to bridge the huge gap between developing and developed countries in the short term. While developed countries have accelerated the construction of carbon border adjustment mechanism, but there is a great uncertainty in the prospects and effects. Under this circumstance, the current carbon pricing mechanism has a relatively limited impact on the petroleum industry, and resource countries prefer to adopt scientific and rational tax design to balance carbon reduction and their own development interests. The development of the international carbon pricing mechanism will promote the low-carbon transition of the petroleum industry in the future. In terms of the government level, it is suggested to strengthen national policy guidance, expand the scope of carbon trading market, build a carbon emission accounting system, as well as reasonably design the tax system.At the industry level, the impact of carbon trading on the petroleum industry should highly be attached, R&D innovation should vigorously be strengthened to promote carbon emission reduction, and the development trend of carbon pricing mechanism of foreign resource countries should closely be tracked, to actively manage carbon price risks of overseas investment projects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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He Zhengjun, Wang Zhaoming, Fan Xingyan, Chen Xi, Li Hengxuan, Zhang Yanhong Petroleum exploration situation and cooperation prospects in Russian Arctic China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (6): 54-62.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.06.006 Abstract （326）   HTML    PDF （1100KB）（11）    Knowledge map    Save Over the past 10 years, remarkable progress has been made in petroleum exploration in Russian Arctic by adhering to self-reliance and self-improvement, as well as actively maintaining strategic focus, which further confirm the huge exploration and development potential and show promising prospects for cooperation. The systematic organization and summary of the current situation of petroleum exploration and major new achievements in Russian Arctic region enable to identify the main exploration orientation in the future and propose the relevant cooperation suggestions. The exploration activities in Russian Arctic region experienced a long history, but oil and gas discoveries were mainly concentrated in the western region; While the general survey will be dominant for a long period in the vast sea areas in the eastern region, and the substantial progress with economic benefits will hard to be made for a long time in the future; Since 2010, most of the new oil and gas discoveries have been made in the western region, with the most fruitful achievements in the South Kara Sea area; The western and central sea shelves are the key orientation for future exploration. It shows broad cooperation prospects between China and Russia in Arctic region. The cooperation on two types of assets should actively be deepened by relying on existing projects. Meanwhile, the medium and long-term goals as well as the advanced reserves of project operation capability should be prepared based on the long-term planning. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shi Yujiang, Cai Wenyuan, Liu Guoqiang, Yuan Chao, Zhang Wei, Di Shuhua, Li Si, Wang Shaoqing Full diameter core 2D NMR characteristics of pore fluid in shale oil reservoir and evaluation method China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (3): 132-144.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.03.011 Abstract （217）   HTML    PDF （7404KB）（4）    Knowledge map    Save How to objectively evaluate the pore fluid in shale oil reservoir and accurately measure and quantitatively characterize parameters such as oil saturation and mobile oil content in shale oil and tight oil reservoirs are key technical problems that need to be solved urgently.The vehicle-mounted mobile full diameter core NMR measurement instrument is firstly introduced in domestic to conduct on-site core testing analysis and shale oil evaluation, which supports to realize the continuous, high-precision, non-destructive and rapid NMR scanning of drilled core on well site, make up for the shortcomings of NMR logging and indoor core experiments, and fill the blank of on-site measurement technology of full diameter shale oil core in China. Based on field core description, other supporting experimental data and well testing verification, the characteristics of 2D NMR T 1- T 2 spectrum of various fluid components are systematically summarized, the change rule of T 1/ T 2 ratio of oil and water fluid signals in pores with different diameters is identified, and the pore fluid component analysis method and identification standard are established by using 2D NMR spectrum characteristics of full diameter core, which support to realize the accurate identification of pore fluid components and quantitative interpretation of fluid saturation of shale oil, tight oil and complex clastic rock reservoirs. The technology of vehicle-mounted mobile full diameter core NMR measurement has played an important role in the exploration and evaluation of Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin, Chang 7 3 shale oil in Ordos Basin, as well as in Hetao Basin, and has widely been applied in tight oil and gas oilfields in Daqing, Changqing, Xinan, Huabei, and Xinjiang oilfields, in which good results have been achieved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ni Xinfeng, Liu Junping, Xiang Fengyun, Wu Peihong, Wang Xiaoxing, Kong Fanzhi, Wu Yanping PetroChina reform and innovation practice of internal transfer and optimal allocation of mining rights and enlightenment China Petroleum Exploration    2023, 28 (1): 38-46.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.01.004 Abstract （231）   HTML    PDF （801KB）（8）    Knowledge map    Save Since 2017, PetroChina has taken the initiative to adapt to the new situation of national oil and gas reform, and effectively strengthened the exploration and development of high-quality mining rights, resource exploration and reserve utilization, so as to contribute to national energy security. Based on the policies of mining rights in different exploration stages, the transfer target was set up, and the transfer principle and transfer scheme were formulated to innovatively implement internal transfer and optimal allocation of mining rights in three rounds, covering 35 blocks with a total area of 117×104km2. As a result, three major breakthroughs, three important discoveries and five major exploration results were made, which supported to effectively produce a number of reserves, establish and improve the internal transfer management mechanism of mining rights, further stimulate the exploration vitality, revitalize mining rights resources, and lay a solid foundation for accelerating resource exploration, alleviating the unbalanced development between the eastern and western regions, helping some enterprises turn around losses, and achieving sustainable and high-quality development. The study results show that internal transfer and optimal allocation of mining rights is one of the effective ways to obtain rapid exploration breakthrough, accelerate resource exploration and hold high-quality mining rights. The successful experience and enlightenment can be replicated and popularized in four aspects: First, a scientific and effective management system is an important guarantee for internal transfer of mining rights; Second, positive transformation of exploration ideas is the key to achieve rapid breakthrough; Third, the rational allocation of resources is an effective way to relieve the difficulties of resource replacement in the mature oilfields and turn around the deficit; Fourth, implementing the reform of “oil company model” is an effective means for high-efficiency exploration and profitable development of allocated blocks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Xu Ke, Yang Haijun, Zhang Hui, Wang Zhimin, Wang Haiying, Yin Guoqing, Liu Xinyu, Yuan Fang, Li Chao, Zhao Wei Key technology and practice of the integrated well stimulation of ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoir in Kelasu structural belt, Tarim Basin China Petroleum Exploration    2022, 27 (5): 106-115.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.05.010 Abstract （339）   HTML    PDF （2685KB）（18）    Knowledge map    Save Keshen 10 gas reservoir, developed in Kelasu structural belt in Tarim Basin, is an ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoir, which shows complex drilling conditions, low natural production capacity and great challenge in increasing well production. In order to improve the benefits of gas exploration and development, geomechanic analysis such as the current in-situ stress field and fracture activity is conducted on the basis of geological study, which enables to determine the distribution law of the current in-situ stress field and fracture activity of Keshen 10 gas reservoir, and identify great variation in permeability of fractures with different directions. Then the fracturing results are analyzed of various well trajectories with different well types and deviations, and the geology and engineering integrated working method is proposed to guide the optimization of well trajectory design. The results show that: (1) Different from the medium-shallow gas reservoirs, well production capacity is distinctly affected by the current in-situ stress and its induced fracture activity of the ultra-deep gas reservoir, and it is indicated that low current in-situ stress and active fractures are conducive to the high production of gas wells; (2) The current in-situ stress, fracture characteristics, wellbore stability and the propagation of fracture network vary greatly in various parts of the ultra-deep reservoir, therefore,the highly deviated wells have more advantages in drilling safety, drilling rate of the low in-situ stress areas and high angle fractures, as well as better fracturing results than wertical wells, and the practice shows that the high-yield production can be obtained by a favorable wellbore trajectory when effectively dealing with the strong heterogeneity of the ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoir; (3) The current in-situ stress field modeling based fracture activity analysis, wellbore stability prediction and fracture network simulation are the key technologies in geology and engineering integrated fracturing engineering, which are conducive to the optimization of wellbore trajectory and optimal selection of fracturing method and intervals; (4) The geology and engineering integrated working method supports to build a bridge between geological study and engineering construction, which plays a positive role in well stimulation of ultra-deep gas reservoir and improving the benefits of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration and development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics