膏盐环境对碳酸盐岩层系成烃、成储和成藏的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳酸盐岩油气勘探实践证明，膏盐岩对油气的形成和成藏有重要影响。以实验为主要技术手段分别探讨了膏盐环境对碳酸盐岩层系成烃、成储和成藏的影响。成烃方面，蒸发潮坪和潟湖是烃源岩形成与保存的有利沉积环境，膏盐岩—干酪根组合的生烃潜力模拟实验证实，膏盐岩对烃源岩生烃有明显促进作用。成储方面，与膏盐岩共生的白云岩是主要储层，表生期大气淡水溶蚀是蒸发潮坪白云岩储层形成的主要控制因素，埋藏溶蚀作用可以有效改善白云岩储层质量。成藏方面，随埋深增大，膏盐岩由脆性转变为塑性，封闭性加强，有利于深部油气保存。构造变形物理模拟实验揭示挤压构造背景下，盐上和盐下地层发生不协调褶皱变形，深层发育隐伏有效圈闭，可以形成规模油气聚集。

关键词: 膏盐岩, 碳酸盐岩, 烃源岩, 储层, 油气成藏

Abstract: Practical oil and gas exploration in carbonate strata has proved that gypsum-salt rock plays an important role in hydrocarbon generation and accumulation. In this paper, the effect of gypsum-salt environment on hydrocarbon generation, reservoir-forming and hydrocarbon accumulation in carbonate strata was discussed through experiments. As for hydrocarbon generation, evaporative tide flat and lagoon are favorable sedimentary environments for the formation and preservation of source rocks. The modeling experiments on hydrocarbon generation potential of gypsum-salt rock-kerogen assemblage verify that gypsum-salt rock can promote hydrocarbon generation of source rocks remarkably. As for reservoir-forming, the dolomites coexisting with gypsum-salt rocks are the main reservoirs. The formation of evaporative tidal dolomite reservoirs is mainly controlled by supergene dissolution of atmospheric freshwater, and the quality of dolomite reservoirs can be improved effectively by burial dissolution. As for hydrocarbon accumulation, gypsum-salt rocks turn from brittle to plastic withi higher sealing capacity as the burial depth increases, which is favorable for the perservation of deep oil and gas. Physical modeling experiments on structural deformation reveal that, in the setting of compressional structures, discordant fold deformation occurs in presalt and subsalt layers and effective hidden traps are developed in deep layers, so large-scale oil and gas accumulaiton can be formed.

Key words: gypsum-salt, carbonate, source rocks, reservoir, hydrocarbon accumulation

胡素云, 石书缘, 王铜山, 刘伟, 白斌, 徐安娜, 涂建琪, 黄士鹏, 姜华. 膏盐环境对碳酸盐岩层系成烃、成储和成藏的影响[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(2): 20-27.

Hu Suyun, Shi Shuyuan, Wang Tongshan, Liu Wei, Bai Bin, Xu Anna, Tu Jianqi, Huang Shipeng, Jiang Hua. Effect of gypsum-salt environment on hydrocarbon generation, reservoir-forming and hydrocarbon accumulation in carbonate strata[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(2): 20-27.

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